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In bow form design the stem form preferable for improved propulsive performance is often incompatible with that for construction strength or arrangement. Compromise of these two approaches is discussed. It was found that the stem form has a strong effect on the bow wave and on the wave making resistance in fine ships. An equation relating to two stem form parameters to wave making resistance was derived and its usefulness was ascertained.

The application of SafeHull to LNG carriers is considered. The SafeHull project had led to a unique and integrated approach to evaluate a ship's structural requirements based on likely environmental conditions the resulting loads the ship's strength to resist relevant modes of failure and strength criteria. The technical features of SafeHull are discussed. Methods have been developed to apply this technology to the assessment of existing ship structures. A mid-1970s built 130000m3 LNG ship with a membrane tank containment system and satisfactory service experience is used as an example to illustrate the feasibility and consistency of this approach to LNG ships.

Survey data on the design structure and characteristics of marine main engine and electric power systems installed on recently built merchant ships of various types and tonnage were statistically analysed by Weibull techniques in order to identify trends in system design components and control and relationships between ship type (bulkers tankers and containerships) systems and output or capacity. The effects of economic and environmental conditions on choice of installation are considered.

The potential commercial advantages of measured cultivation of a team ethos into ships of the merchant marine are addressed. The improvement of productivity in a ship using formalised teamwork training programmes is discussed. Teamwork programmes include leadership team building and team training. Potential problems of introducing such programmes are considered but it is concluded that the benefits of introducing a programme outweigh the potential difficulties of doing so.

Legislation concerning air pollution for shipping is discussed. The development of the rule making process in IMO (International Maritime Organisation) is described for the new annex on air pollution due to come into force in 2002. Aspects considered include process of development of the annex its content legal aspects choice of instrument to address air pollution from ships and contentious issues of the legislation.

This paper reviews the work that has been done at the Thornton Research Centre on the avoidance of electrostatic hazards using non-metallic pipes on ships. The possible hazards are identified and the principles of avoiding them are outlined. Criteria for hazard avoidance are developed and practical means of meeting the criteria are given.

Shipbuilding is now conducted to ever increasing levels of technology within a much tighter commercial environment and a requirement for higher reliability and quality. Consideration is given to the unifying influence of the choice of product and work breakdown structure allied to an effective project management system. Finally the paper examines the issue of the simultaneous construction of warships and advanced merchant ships.

The experience and position of the Shell group of companies in assessing the life of LNG carriers is reviewed. Elements in considering a vessel's life include the hull condition the cargo containment system condition the continuing reliability/safety of both main and auxiliary machinery and the condition of cargo handling equipment. The Brunei LNG ship life study is described in detail. Applicability to other LNG vessels is considered. Shell's philosophy for managing LNG carriers is given and conclusions drawn from its experiences with these ships are outlined.

The review presented covers the dimensions of conventional ships and design and operating factors relating to very large ships. Practical propeller arrangements speed and propulsion factors correlation factor and service allowances applied to effective horsepower propeller diameter and revs/min basic propeller curves and triple single or multi-screw ships and application of single twin or triple screws for 750000 ton and 10000 dwt ships are examined. Machinery installation type of machinery plant content and layout structure of the engine room and shafting system and stern bearings are discussed.

Int conf held in Tokyo Japan on 29 - 30 October 1974 Papers are Worldwide trade and orderly marketing Japanese shipping prospects Soviet shipowners in international trade The changing role of governments in shipping Hong Kong, Japan and freedom of shipping Role of the cross traders Shipbuilding in Japan European ship building outlook Cost factors in Japanese ships American liners on the Pacific Liner conference economics Japans requirements Japans energy and ship demand Flags of convenience Nationalism and internationalism in shipping policy Hull insurance in Japan Ship finance and the Japanese banks

The aim of US Navy shipboard energy conservation is to make ships more fuel-efficient more cost-efficient and more environmentally friendly. This goal has been the cornerstone of machinery and hull R&D and Fleet operational improvements. In support of this the NAVSEA incentivised ENCON (energy conservation) program has been established which focuses upon fleet and ship operational improvements. The incentivised ENCON program is briefly discussed together with its program elements and suggestions to institutionalise a similar program for ships operated by the Military Sealift Command US Army and USCG and NOAA. A similar incentivised ENCON program can also be implemented for friendly nations' naval ships. It is also believed that commercial shipping companies can use the incentive concept to operate their ships more efficiently.

Wave data/information and associated mathematical techniques for predicting the short-term and long-term (lifetime) structural responses to loading of ships and ocean structures are described and discussed with reference to - collection of basic data at North Atlantic weather stations; derivation of two parameter and six parameter wave spectra families; estimation of severest sea condition; estimation of frequency of occurance of severe seas; design applications.

The escalating costs of US technology used in regional military conflicts is coinciding with projected reductions in the defence budget. In addition the new technology puts more demands on manpower and training. Upgrading advanced digital ship control technologies with automated ship systems technology may be a solution to balancing the budget. The evolution of control systems for ships is discussed in detail and the requirements of a navy at war are described. Automation systems that offer reduced manning and lower life-cycle costs are then discussed in terms of navigation systems mission planning threat decision aids damage control and condition-based maintenance. The availability of enabling technologies is highlighted

This publication contains the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) and a number of documents closely related to that Code. Chapters cover topics such as cargo containment; safety equipment and related considerations; special requirements; operational requirements; minimum requirements; chemicals to which the code does not apply; and transport of liquid chemical wastes.

Two new designs for British ships are described. The MP17 a 17000 dwt multi-purpose cargo carrier by British Shipbuilders has been developed for low fuel operation with minimum crew. She is deriven by either Sulzer or MAN-B&W engine with direct drive to a fixed pitch propeller. Shaft generator and blended fuel diesel generator provide electricity Harland & Wolff have designed a 40000 dwt oil products carrier powered by a H&W-B&W MCE ultra-long stroke engine. She can carry four separate oil products with simultaneous loading and discharge.

With price competition in a global shipping industry encouraging operators to make their decisions about flagging and operating locations purely on price policies designed to maintain quality shipping and safety are impeded. The view is expressed that the priority should be quality standards for flag administrations and registers rather than new regulations. The European Union's role is looked at. The role of cargo owners and charterers insurers and shipowners are each considered in turn.

Conf was held 3 & 4 March 1977 in London Papers are Conversion factors Development of the concrete hull Prestressed concrete platforms process plants The role of classification Classification of concrete ships; historical background and current practice Operational experience with prestressed concrete barges LNG concrete ship economics Some aspects of financing concrete vessels Current trends in design and construction of concrete ships The role of the marine surveyor Structural appraisal of concrete ships Quality control and maintenance of prestressed concrete ships Practical design and construction considerations on the use of pretressed concrete in ship construction The market for concrete gas carriers Genoa's floating prestressed concrete dock; design Genoa's floating prestressed concrete dock; construction

Increasing passenger numbers since 1988 with the trend set to continue has led to a boom in cruiseship newbuilding orders. The US-based World City Corporation is waiting to know if the US Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration will approve government support of $1 billion to aid the construction of the Phoenix World City which would be the world's largest passenger vessel. An article entitled The return of the true liner? by Stephen Payne of TMP compares the development of the latest passenger liners including the fast ships Oriana and Legend of the Seas with the Rotterdam Canberra and Queen Elizabeth 2.

The basic principles for active systems enshrined in SOLAS require detection of any fire in the zone of origin and containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin. This paper reviews the latest developments in active systems and how their application to passenger ships can further enhance the achievement of the basic principles beyond that currently practised.

This paper provides a review of variable speed electrical drive systems that make use of ac motors and are suitable for ship propulsion. Drive systems which incorporate some form of variable frequency converter equipment and their implementation in practical installations are considered with reference to recent passenger ships and other notable vessels. There is a section on harmonic currents produced by the converter frequency equipment. Topics include reasons for selecting electric propulsion electric drive options converters synchro-phasing of propellers propulsion motors and converter harmonics.