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A research program is being developed to separate advanced methods for the design of high-speed vessels in aluminium alloy. The evolution of structural design in this field has led to the application of new construction technologies especially the use of aluminium which is particularly suitably for small and medium coastal shipping fast ferry design. The structural design process for such ships must satisfy the requirements of strength analysis and structural optimisation of weight. An investigation into the preliminary monohull fast ferry subdivision compatible with the new IMO HSC (high-speed craft) codes has been developed. A first step general plan has been drawn up based on the HSC2000 rules and a first structural morphology has been proposed. A preliminary analysis has been developed for the aluminium monohull structural design. Thin-walled beam theory when opportunely applied can be a valid design tool for the primary structural response. The FE (finite element) technique has been applied loading the entire hull structure with a rule regulation equivalent wave and with an inertial vertical load. An aluminium bottom-stern stiffened panel has been extracted to analyse in a finer way the structural response under a slamming load. The results show that the scantlings deriving from a regulation assessment and finally verified by the direct calculation are largely sufficient to ensure the structural capability also if an inertial load is applied.

The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) has addressed the necessary technological development for data assimilation which is a critical choke point within the process of providing meaningful information to many people encompassing a wide range of applications. One of these application areas is for Navies throughout the globe. Major use by operational Navies of oceanographic information through numerical model forecasts initialized by analysis of global satellite and in situ data sets has allowed substantial advancement in the safety of operations and search and rescue. The importance of the information relayed to ships across the globe is reflected in the dedication of large resources to daily production and dissemination. Not including the costs of observational systems there are large investments associated with personnel required to ensure that each step of the processing is properly conducted every day. The communications and computational hardware requirements to ensure products are delivered require enormous effort and costs to implement. The importance of the information on which decisions are made daily by the worlds Navies throughout the worlds oceans is reflected by the commitment of these substantial resources to ensure the GODAE technology enables a new level of capability. Some of the major applications that are common throughout Navies of the globe are examined in this paper.

FRP laminated plates are widely used in high-speed ships and aircrafts as: they have high specific stiffness and strength. In particular GFRP laminated plates are frequently used because their production costs are relatively cheaper than that of CFRP. However GFRP laminated plates are characterized by easily allowing delamination to take place. Therefore it is important to investigate the reduction in compressive strength of GFRP plates caused by the delamination. The buckling tests and FEA (FEM analyses) of the GFRP laminated plates with initial delamination under thrust are carried out. The GFRP plates which consist of E-glass fibers (chopped strand mat and balanced woven roving) and unsaturated polyester resins are considered. The buckling test is carried out for the clamped rectangular plate with the initial delamination at the centre or the corner of the plate. Elastic buckling behaviour is simulated by FEA using shell elements and the energy release rate along delamination tip is calculated to examine the growth of delamination. The applicability of FEA is investigated through a comparison with buckling test results. A series of FEA is carried out considering various size and location of delamination and the influences of initial delamination on the buckling-fracture behaviour of GFRP plates are discussed.

The fundamental role of a classification society is to develop publish and maintain standards the Rules for the design and construction of ships and to implement these standards within a system of classification. The success of the international maritime safety regime depends on the technical contribution of the classification societies. The continual advance in maritime technology is accompanied by a demand for specialised technical expertise and knowledge and the maritime industry looks to the classification societies for support. The classification societies must therefore be responsive to change and keep their own technology up to date. The expectations and perceptions facing the maritime industry are reviewed and some specific research and development activities of Lloyd's Register are considered in relation to naval architecture engineering systems environmental protection and human factors. Some current activities show the contribution that is being made to maritime safety. The current programme is compared to achievements of the past reflecting the changes within the marine industry. Working with industry universities and research institutes is a key part of the research and development activity of the modern classification society and some experience is described. The challenges that will be presented in the forthcoming years are discussed briefly.

This book was the first of its kind to be addressed to the ship’s officer. The book goes in detail on the “whys” and “hows” of the specific programs provided and is written in a style that the layperson will comprehend. The first part of the book deals with administrative matters and provides easily duplicated forms: safety rules and regulations, standing orders, vessel particulars, official log entry, and station bills and drills. Programming begins with an uncomplicated procedure for those who have not programmed before. The list for vessel documents is set up on a BASIC program, mainly because it is information that will be referred to many times can be called up and run quickly, saving the time required to put a word processor in operation. The program is documents line by line, the text explains each line’s purpose, and an example of the hard copy is presented. This pattern of development of programs continues throughout. Using the many other programs in the book, an individual can speedily complete such time-consuming tasks as updating crew lists and personnel information files; calculating payroll and vouchers; preparing forms to enter and clear ports; proving figures for the ullage report and dry certificate, diagramming load, discharge, and ballast sequences; and even navigation problems.

The introduction of non-indigenous species to new environments is one of the greatest threats to the world's coastal waters. Ballast water is a major contributor to the transfer of harmful organisms and pathogens. Potential economic impacts and impacts on human health and the ecology are very significant. Therefore effective ballast water treatment methods must be developed and their efficacy established. The Great Lakes Ballast Technology Demonstration Project recently funded three 6-month full-scale design studies of promising ballast water treatment systems. The aim of each study is to fully develop for a specified 'target' vessel the contract design and life-cycle cost of a reliable optimised flow-through onboard treatment system that effectively removes living organisms from the ship's ballast water before it is discharged into an ecosystem other than its original source. Two of these three studies are addressed selecting two different kinds of target vessels. These ships represent classes of vessels typically involved in ballast water discharge in the ports and waterways of the US West Coast Hawaii and Alaska. This is one of the first efforts devoted to developing contract design level technical solutions quantifying life-cycle costs and assessing actual vessel operational impacts on effective ecosystem maintenance.

The inclusion of high-resolution multi-beam and digital side scan sonar systems along with state-of-the-art positioning and attitude sensors and other ancillary sensors on ships and HSL (hydrographic survey launches) has provided NAVOCEANO (the US Naval Oceanographic Office) with the finest-equipped survey fleet in the world. This tremendous increase in bottom-mapping capability brings with it a corresponding increase in the amount of data that must be validated prior to inclusion into the various shallow- and deep-water hydrography bathymetry and imagery products that NAVOCEANO produces. The key to meeting the challenge of the massive data volumes was to change the approach that required every data point to be viewed and validated. This was achieved with the replacement of the traditional line-by-line editing approach with an automated cleaning module and an ABE (area-based editor) integrated with existing COTS (commercial off-the-shelf processing) and visualisation packages. An overview of the new approach is presented together with data results and metrics of the effort required to process data including editing quality control and product generation for multi-beam data using targets from digital imagery data and automated techniques. 90701 Dealing with rigid beds in saturated bed load transport equations

The HARDER and ROBROPROB projects form an essential step in the development of critical technologies required for a practical risk-based ship design approach. The ROBROPROB work is briefly described. A typical ro-ro passenger ship designed according to the SOLAS-90 damage stability standard is evaluated in the framework of the proposed new harmonised damage stability standard the main outcome from the HARDER project. The software tool for optimising the watertight subdivision of ro-ro passenger ships developed in the ROBROPROB project is described. A multi-objective optimisation problem is formulated and solved by taking into account both relevant technical and economic factors like safety in damaged condition building cost and cargo carrying capacity. The findings of optimising the transversal watertight bulkheads below the bulkhead deck the longitudinal bulkheads below and above the bulkhead deck centre casing and side casings the size and position of possible lower hold the double bottom height the main deck height and the vertical centre of gravity are presented. Conclusions are drawn on possible and likely trends the new regulations are bringing to the future designs and evolution of the ro-ro ship concept.

The deep-sea overnight cruise industry is the fastest growing segment of the maritime industry with annual growth rates of eight to ten percent. Regulatory and public interest in the potential impacts of cruise ship operations on the environment continues to draw significant attention. The environmentally sound and legally compliant operation of its ships is a priority of cruise ship operators. The changing legal landscape increasing public interest the activities of a number of interested parties ship operational requirements technical innovations and evolving environmental sensitivity are some of the specific aspects of the overall cruise ship environmental issue. The complex legal regime in which the industry currently must operate is described together with the methods the cruise industry uses to meet these stringent environmental requirements. Included is a discussion of current engineering and operational practices applied by the cruise industry to minimise the environmental impacts of their operations. In conclusion technical and operational changes anticipated as a result of current and future regulatory efforts and related developments are overviewed. A brief industry outlook is also presented. The discussion of these various aspects is presented in order to inform the reader of some of the specific actions and developments to date and to provide a better understanding of the overall issues.

High resolution surface wind fields covering the global ocean estimated from remotely sensed wind data and ECMWF wind analyses have been available since 2005 with a spatial resolution of 0.25° in longitude and latitude and a temporal resolution of 6h. Their quality is investigated through various comparisons with surface wind vectors from 190 buoys moored in various oceanic basins from research vessels and from QuikSCAT scatterometer data taken during 2005-2006. The NCEP/NCAR and NCDC blended wind products are also considered. The comparisons performed during January-December 2005 show that speeds and directions compare well to in-situ observations including from moored buoys and ships as well as to the remotely sensed data. The root-mean-squared differences of the wind speed and direction for the new blended wind data are lower than 2m/s and 30° respectively. These values are similar to those estimated in the comparisons of hourly buoy measurements and QuikSCAT near real time retrievals. At global scale it is found that the new products compare well with the wind speed and wind vector components observed by QuikSCAT. No significant dependencies on the QuikSCAT wind speed or on the oceanic region considered are evident.

ARTICLES Armstrong, John. "Some Aspects of the Business History of the British Coasting Trade," XVIII, 2, 1-15 Kaukiainen, Yrjö. "Journey Costs, Terminal Costs and Ocean Tramp Freights: How the Price of Distance Declined from the 1870 to 2000," XVIII, 2, 17-64 Jackson, R.V. "Sickness and Health on Australia’s Female Convict Ships, 1821-1840," XVIII, 2, 65-84 Unger, Richard W. "Shipping and Western European Economic Growth in the Late Renaissance: Potential Connections, XVIII, 2, 85-104 Thornton, Helen. "John Selden’s Response to Hugo Grotius: The Argument for Closed Seas," XVIII, 2, 105-127 Van Manen, Niels. "Preventive Medicine in the Dutch Slave Trade, 1747-1797," XVIII, 2, 129-185 Doe, Helen. "The Business of Shipbuilding: Dunn and Henna of Mevagissey, 1799-1806," XVIII, 2, 187-217 Sinde Cantorna, Ana I. and Diéguez Castrillón, Isabel. "Cooperation vs. Vertical Integration in Galicia’s Distant-water Fishing Industry, 1900-1950," XVIII, 2, 219-236 FORUM: ANTARCTIC MARITIME INDUSTRIES Basberg, Bjrrn L. "Introduction," XVIII, 2, 283-284 Basberg, Bjrrn L. "Perspectives on the Economic History of the Antarctic Region," XVIII, 2, 285-304 Kolltveit, BDrd. "‘Deckchair Explorers:’ The Origin and Development of Organised Tourist Voyages to Northern and Southern Polar Regions," XVIII, 2, 351-369 May, Sally R. "Australia’s Antarctic (Southern Ocean) Fisheries: A Case Study of the Development of Trans-national Capitalism," XVIII, 2, 323-350 Wolfe, Adam. "Australian Whaling Ambitions and Antarctica," XVIII, 2, 305-322

ARTICLES G. Balachandran, “Sovereignty, Subjectivities, Narrations: Nations and Other Stories from the Sea” / 1 Adrian Jarvis, “‘Due Legal Process:’ A Hidden Cost in the Building and Operation of the Port of Liverpool” / 21 Yrjö Kaukiainen, “The Container Revolution and Liner Freights” / 43 Iván Valdez-Bubnov, “War, Trade and Technology: The Politics of Spanish Shipbuilding Legislation, 1607-1728” / 75 Gérard Le Bouëdec, “Small Ports from the Sixteenth to the Early Twentieth Century and the Local Economy of the French Atlantic Coast” / 103 Mike Macdonald, “Australian Coastal Shipping and the Price of Ships, 1919-1930” / 127 Janet Macdonald, “A New Myth of Naval History? Confusing Magnitude with Significance in British Naval Victualling Purchases, 1750-1815” / 159 Marta García Garralón, “The Education of Pilots for the Indies Trade in Spain during the Eighteenth Century” / 189 RESEARCH NOTES Eivind Merok and Espen Ekberg, “Norwegian Shipping in the Port of Liverpool, 1855-1895: Niche Specialization and Anglo-Norwegian Networks” / 221 James Davey, “Within Hostile Shores: Victualling the Royal Navy in European Waters during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars” / 241 REVIEW ESSAY Willem F.J. Mörzer Bruyns, “Research in the History of Navigation: Its Role in Maritime History” / 261 SOURCE ESSAY Dale Sauter, “Made Mechanically Correct: An Introduction to the Marietta Manufacturing Company Records, Point Pleasant, WV, 1906-2006” / 287

Many studies on long-term changes in zooplankton abundance and species composition for the European shelf seas have been based upon data collected by the CPR (continuous plankton recorder). The CPR consists of a towed body which is deployed from ships of opportunity along commercial routes. Data from the CPR survey over the past 40 years have shown that the abundance of copepods in many parts of the North Atlantic has declined indicating geographical shifts in the plankton communities. Because the CPR does not sample all zooplankton species with equal efficiency these observations may give a biased view of the overall changes. Here we compensate for CPR under-sampling by using previously published species-specific correction factors derived from comparison of catches may with WP-2 ring-nets and the CPR. The results indicate the importance of smaller zooplankton species in the ecology of the Northwest European shelf. The changes in community structure may have general implications for energy transfer efficiency to higher trophic levels and for the sustainability of fisheries resources. Materials and methods are presented and results presented and discussed.

Two key design challenges for surface combatants both historically and as drivers of current and future designs are weight and life cycle cost. Composite materials and structural systems promise to offer many potential advantages in these areas but they present their own set of new challenges. Despite almost 30 years of development and experience most composite applications on US Navy ships are retrofits to ship designs already in service. Notable recent exceptions are the AEM-S (advanced enclosed mast-sensor system) on the LPD-17 and the DD(X) composite deckhouse both based on previous targeted R&D efforts. Reasons for the lack of composite technologies in initial ship designs include a lack of reliable preliminary design data and an inability to objectively quantify the risk level associated with applications. Data for composite technologies exist but they have not been effectively transferred from the research and development community to the design community. Composite technologies promise weight and life cycle cost savings as well as improved speed and fuel efficiency but new challenges arise in how to effectively implement them. Some preliminary design data for a range of composite applications applicable to surface combatants based on recent US Navy experience are summarised. The term 'low risk' is defined and justification for each application is presented. Design data (such as weight savings non-recurring engineering costs requirements and general configuration) for each application whicX19406

Naval Platform Technology Seminar 2005 - 'Transformational Technologies for the Future Navy' - 17-18 May 2005 Two-day seminar. Papers from day one as follows: Sea Fighter - A revolutionary new platform for the US Navy. This paper describes the design and development of the X-Craft hull form and discusses the innovative technologies used on board it. Also, Optimised manning technologies for naval surface ships, Network centric training technology, new approach in mine warfare and Fully non-linear wave simulator. Day two comprises papers under heading 'Future platforms and optimisation technology': the Gowind corvettes, submarine platform, all electric ship: economics versus technology, simulation technologies for semi and fully automated forces, Submarines in the new world order and Antiterrorist MCM. Also, under heading ; 'Advanced propulsion and computational technology', papers: R & D of a resonating silencer for generator exhausts, Development of simulation and reliability database for marine hazard, risk and maintenance management, The benefits of coating propellers, Comparison of CFD simulation of exhaust smoke-superstructure interaction on a ship, Application for improved research technology and techniques and Stealth and signature management in submarine projects.

Cavity on the propeller blade produces the pressure fluctuation on the stern hull surface and also reduces the propeller performance. The recent large container ships give us difficulties in design of propellers because they will operate in heavily loaded condition. Therefore it is important to predict the cavity pattern volume and propeller performance accurately. Panel methods which can represent the blade shape exactly are recently widely used for the cavitation prediction. In Kyushu University a simple surface panel method 'SQCM' (simple surface panel method) was developed and applied to the 2D and 3D sheet cavitating hydrofoil problems. In this paper the SQCM is extended to the steady cavitating propeller problem and the calculation method is presented to treat the partially cavitating and super cavitating cases by using the same numerical procedure. One of the features here is that the cross flow velocity near the tip of a propeller blade is taken into consideration at the constant pressure condition on the cavity surface in order to get the reasonable results. Some calculated results for two propellers are presented and compared with published experimental data. Only sheet cavitation is considered here. The calculation method is outlined and results are given. Good agreements are obtained between the calculated results and experimental data.

The demand for natural gas is rising quickly and consequently the world energy market requires the transport of larger volumes of gas in the form of LNG. However the market calls for the collection of smaller volumes of LNG from more than one location. These requirements may be met by building large LNG carriers with capacities of over 200000 cubic meters and by operating these ships with the flexibility of partial filling of cargo tanks. Partial filling in membrane-type LNG carriers leads to sloshing and the loads generated may endanger the ship's structural integrity. Therefore it is necessary for the ship designer to know the magnitude of those sloshing loads and under what conditions they occur. A finite difference method is presented that was developed to numerically simulate sloshing in a membrane-type LNG carrier's tank. Model experiments are carried out to verify the results of the numerical method. The considered tanks are of a LNG carrier with a capacity of over 200000 cubic meters. The 3D numerical studies showed that the liquid inside the tanks exhibit different behaviour depending on the filling ratio and the encountered wave frequencies. Response characteristics due to the tank configuratioX46228 Numerical and experimental study of submerged flexible nets - applications to fish farms

Conf held in Brighton 8 Feb 1969 Papers are Economic deposits of heavy mineral placers on the worlds continental shelves Surveys on the continental shelf around Britain A Monte Carlo simulation for predicting the feasibility of deep ocean mining operations Automation in offshore prospecting and mining Present and future aspects of ocean mining Tendencies of development in methods of maritime geophysics for the investigation of the underground Possibility of on site analysis of deep sea floor mineral deposits Deepwater exploitation of oil and gas in the decade ahead Methods and techniques of searching for granular deposits of useful minerals on the inshore part of the shelf Synoptic sampling from merchant ships An instrumented underwater towed vehicle Life in the ocean depths Glass instrument housings for deep ocean use Some instruments for monitoring the performance of undersea mechanical devices A deep sea electrical resistivity probing device Recent developments in dissolved oxygen sensing for oceanographic research A wide band piezo electric transducer for oceanographic soundings Broadband hydro acoustic sources for high resolution sub bottom profiling On the near sea floor current meter Automatic high speed particle size analysis in oceanography The absolute measurement of sound velocityX20502 Oceanology International 1972 OI CONFV

The aim of the present paper is to advocate for a very effective stochastic procedure based on the First Order Reliability Method (FORM) well-known within structural reliability. Due to the efficient optimisation procedures implemented in standard FORM codes and the short duration of the time domain simulations needed (typically 60-100s to cover the hydrodynamic memory effects in the response) the calculation of the upcrossing rate of a given level of the response is very fast. Thus complicated non-linear effects can be included. An application for roll motions of ships will be discussed. A simple non-linear dynamic model for roll including the effect of heave is formulated in the time domain. Closed form expressions are used for the heave motion and for the wave-induced roll moment. The instantaneous GZ curve is derived numerically but only for one regular wave. Inclusion of parametric roll in the example has not been possible due to shortcomings in the present model of GZ curve and the lack of a coupling to pitch. However provided more accurate hydrostatic and hydrodynamics models are used parametric roll could be accounted for too in the proposed stochastic procedure. Such modifications will be discussed in the presentation including preliminary results.

3rd International Marine Systems Design Conf held Pittsburgh 8-10 June 1988 Papers are The subcavitating/supercavitating hybrid propeller An advanced method for design of optimal ducted propellers behind bodies of revolution Optimal hull forms for fishing vessels A knowledge-based system architecture for control of underwater vehicles Roll reduction by rudder control An integrated rig management system for a semisubmersible floating production vessel Computer aided navigation system (CANSY-II) Evaluation of impact loads associated with flare slamming Surface effect ship loads; lessons learnt and their implications for other advanced marine vehicles Advanced ship structural design and maintenance Methods of incorporating design for production considerations into concept design investigations Achieving customer and marketing orientation in marine transport system design Incorporating a seakeeping capability in a computer aided preliminary design system Hull form design - only a matter of the computer ? The components of the propulsive efficiency of ships in relation to the design procedure Design conception and CAE/CAD of hull form Direct curve and surface manipulation for hull form design Intelligent computer aid in marine design and ocean engineering Ship synthesis model morphology Teaching design for students of marine technology Operational aspects in ship design; the case of the roll on/roll off vessel The productive experience of 3D CAD/CAM techniques applied to ship design and construction A new concept for neat fit ship propulsion