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Naval operations can be seriously disrupted by the presence of sea mines in operating areas. Tow innovative conceptual designs for mine countermeasures ships are offered together with an operational concept for their timely and efficient employment in conducting mine warfare. The first design concept is for a small SWATH (small water plane area twin hull) vessel for mine hunting in near shore waters. These small craft (Drones) are crewless and remotely controlled from a mother ship (Host). They are also stealthy to enhance clandestine operations in the hostile littoral prior to arrival of an expeditionary assault force. The Host vessel solves the problem of transporting small craft to remote locations and supporting mine countermeasure operations with minimal dependence on deployed naval combatants. The Host has space and services for maintaining several Drones as well as unique capabilities for launch and retrieval in rough seas. Cruise speed of the Host is adequate to accompany an amphibious task force in all sea states. Endurance is sufficient to reach most remote locations via ports of call. These new SWATH designs and the HAD (Host and Drone) concept of employing them with amphibious forces in advance of assault are considered to be fundamental to the success of future marine expeditionary campaigns.

ARTICLES Cohn, Raymond L. “Passenger Mortality on Antebellum Immigrant Ships: Further Evidence” XV, 2, 1-19 Coull, James R. “The Development of Herring Fishing in the Outer Hebrides” XV, 2, 21-42 Friend, Stephen. “The North Sea Liquor Trade, c. 1850-1893” XV, 2, 43-71 Garrido, Álvaro. “The New State and the Portuguese Cod Fleet: The Economy and Policy of Line-Fishing, 1934-1974” XV, 2, 73-94 Gelderblom, Oscar. “Coping with the Perils of the Sea: The Last Voyage of Vrouw Maria in 1771” XV, 2, 95-115 Hacquebord, Louwrens; Steenhuisen, Frits; and Waterbolk, Huib “English and Dutch Whaling Trade and Whaling Stations in Spitsbergen (Svalbard) before 1660” XV, 2, 117-134 FORUM: FISHING HISTORY Dam, Petra J.E.M. van. “Eel Fishing in Holland: The Transition to the Early Modern Economy” XV, 2, 163-175 Kowaleski, Maryanne. “The Commercialization of the Sea Fisheries in Medieval England and Wales” XV, 2, 177-231 Pope, Peter E. “Modernization on Hold: The Traditional Character of the Newfoundland Cod Fishery in the Seventeenth Century” XV, 2, 233-264 Sicking, Louis. “Introduction” XV, 2, 159-162 Sicking, Louis. “Protection Costs and Profitability of the Herring Fishery in the Netherlands in the Sixteenth Century: A Case Study” XV, 2, 265-277

Navy fleet problems with damage to hatches and other appendages after operation in high sea states suggest that wave impact loads may be greater than the current design guidelines of 1000 pounds per square foot (48 kilopascal)). Wave impact loads are complex and involve wave breaking making them difficult to estimate numerically. These large impact forces not only cause damage to ships and ship structures they can also endanger the ship's crew. To design robust marine structures accurate estimates of all encountered loads are necessary including the wave impact forces which are complex and involve wave breaking making them difficult to estimate numerically. An experiment to investigate wave impact loads was carried out in 2005. During this experiment the horizontal and vertical loads of regular non-breaking waves on a 12 inch (0.305 m) square plate and a 19.75 inch (0.5 m) diameter horizontal cylinder were measured while varying incident wave height wavelength wave steepness plate angle and immersion level of the plate and cylinder. Wave heights of up to 1.5 feet (0.46 m) were tested with wavelengths of up to 30 feet (9.1 m). In all cases the horizontal wave impact force increased with wave steepness. For some angles the horizontal wave impact force increased with greater submergence. A FFNN (feed-forward neural network) developed by Applied Simulation Technologies was used to predict the horizontal forces measured during the experiment based on the values of wave height

Title on spine reads Marine Engineering Essays, Problems and Demonstrations The present work is an attempt to exhibit in order and sequence some of the many applications of scientific principles to mechanical and marine engineering matters. In the choice of subjects the author has been guided more by the requirements of the marine engineer, but with a few exceptions the subjects dealt with are not exclusively marine. The selection has arisen out of the author's experience in assisting candidates preparing for the Board of Trade examinations for Extra First Class engineers. The knowledge required for these examinations covers an interesting and useful portion of the ground usually included in mechanical and marine engineering, so it is upon these lines the current work has been written. Contents include short essays on physical and engineering subjects such as sea water, electric current, entropy, iron ores, corrosion in boilers and softening water for steam boilers; solutions of questions in mensuration, for example in relation to riveted joints, stress and strain, shafts, beams, stability of ships, efficiency and horse power; proof of rules and formulae including common logarithms, kinetic energy, centres of gravity, strength and stress in boilers, thrust of a propeller and linear velocity of escaping steam. The appendix includes tables and examination papers.

The compressibility of fuel and the effects of pressure wave dynamics govern the injection in a CRS (common rail system). The layout of the system volume and its geometrical distribution within the system strongly affect the injection events at every injector. Here new technological solutions are presented which eliminate the above-mentioned shortcomings of CRS in the off-road engine power domain between 1 and 5 MW. Based on simulation results achieved when modelling the CRS with the hydraulics simulation tool AMESim new common rail injectors and high-pressure pumps were designed built and tested. These represent the key to novel systems which are best suited to Diesel Engines with an overall power output of 1 to 5 MW such as those used in locomotives ships power generation and heavy earthmoving machinery. The injectors have an accumulator chamber within an injector body which easily fits into the engine's cylinder head. The actuating components are all in the front part leading to a compact design. The injection rates of the injector show its good performance with or without multiple injections. The injection law is compared to that of a former system equipped with rails and without an accumulator in the injector.

Conf held in Brighton 8 Feb 1969 Papers are Economic deposits of heavy mineral placers on the worlds continental shelves Surveys on the continental shelf around Britain A Monte Carlo simulation for predicting the feasibility of deep ocean mining operations Automation in offshore prospecting and mining Present and future aspects of ocean mining Tendencies of development in methods of maritime geophysics for the investigation of the underground Possibility of on site analysis of deep sea floor mineral deposits Deepwater exploitation of oil and gas in the decade ahead Methods and techniques of searching for granular deposits of useful minerals on the inshore part of the shelf Synoptic sampling from merchant ships An instrumented underwater towed vehicle Life in the ocean depths Glass instrument housings for deep ocean use Some instruments for monitoring the performance of undersea mechanical devices A deep sea electrical resistivity probing device Recent developments in dissolved oxygen sensing for oceanographic research A wide band piezo electric transducer for oceanographic soundings Broadband hydro acoustic sources for high resolution sub bottom profiling On the near sea floor current meter Automatic high speed particle size analysis in oceanography The absolute measurement of sound velocityX20502 Oceanology International 1972 OI CONFV

KRISO (Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering) is developing a deep-sea UUV (unmanned underwater vehicle) for scientific research. This UUV will be composed of three vehicles: a launcher a ROV and an AUV. A localisation method for this launcher and its hybrid underwater navigation system is presented. The underwater navigation system is mainly composed of an IMU (inertial measurement unit) and a DVL (Doppler velocity log). By implementing the DVL the navigational performance of the IMU can be improved when an underwater vehicle works near the sea bottom. A dynamic error model for a DVL-aided intertial navigation system is designed to implement an indirect feedback Kalman filter and a measurement model is also designed. The enhanced performance of the DVL-aided hybrid navigation is shown by carrying out rotating arm tests in the Ocean Engineering Basin at KRISO. The IMU and the DVL are embedded in a small fish attached to the rotating arm. Additional depth sensor and a magnetic compass are introduced into the measurement model. In addition a dead-reckoning navigation is carried out using the DVL and the magnetic compass. The dead-reckoning navigation system also shows better performance than the IMU-only navigation system.

The Explorer of the Seas is the largest cruise liner class in operation today. She carries about 3000 passengers on weekly trips from Miami Florida to both the Eastern and the Western Caribbean and is also being used as a vessel of opportunity. This continuing relationship is expected to collect long-term time series data sets containing bi-weekly samples along the Caribbean cruise tracks. It is hoped that these data will reveal trends on shorter monthly time scales as well as on longer multi-year time scales. On board the EXPLORER there are Eco-Learning Areas for passengers as well as atmospheric and oceanographic laboratories and this makes the EXPLORER a notable departure from previous programs. In addition the installed scientific equipment is advanced and includes many meteorological and oceanographic sensors. Two RDI Ocean Surveyor Phased Array ADCP units are included in the sensor suite and were mounted in the ships hull during construction. The expectations of several of the principle parties involved in the creation of this venture are reviewed together with their opinions on the program's success to date in meeting those diverse expectations.

Naval vessels are increasingly using IEPs (integrated electric power) systems to supply main propulsion and ship services and these are applied to most substantial benefit on vessels with highly variable mission cycles. Currently there is a drive towards the adoption of compact propulsion motors where for surface vessels the provision of a lower shaft-line height and thus lower rake angle results in higher propulsion efficiency whilst overall mass and volume savings translate to increased payload or fuel. These enhanced propulsion capabilities could offer opportunities to radically change the types and number of ships comprising the future fleet to reduce total ownership cost. This paper discusses the design and analysis of a 7.5 MW magnetically geared propulsion motor or PDD (pseudo direct-drive) for a naval main propulsion application. The drive-train comprises two motors mounted in tandem to produce 15 MW at less than 100 rpm within a specified maximum volume envelope of 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 6 m and with a maximum weight of 100 mt. It was found through the course of the design study that the resulting PDD could be realised in a 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 2.1 m volume with a mass of 53 mt with no trade-off in efficiency.

Nowadays the success of the missions of naval ships depends highly on the use of sensor weapon and command systems. the availability and capability of these systems depend on support delivered by support systems such as chilled water systems and electrical power systems. It may be argued that the main task of the automation of these support systems is to quickly restore the system capability in the event of unavailability due to battle damage. Traditional platform management systems are not up to the task due to their centralised design. Next generation platform management systems will therefore be based on a decentralised design. Decentralised platform management systems use distributed intelligence which has two important benefits compared to the traditional platform management systems: it lowers the vulnerability and increases the availability of the support systems. These benefits imporve the survivability of the ship as a whole. The Royal Netherlands Navy and TNO Defence Security and Safety have conducted a project on this subject called Robust Automation. This paper describes this project. In order to prove the technical feasibility a demonstrator has been built and tested. the results are very promising. The project Robust Automation finished last year but will be continued by the Distributed intelligent Networked Control Systems (DINCS) projects a new European research and technology project focussing on a further de-risking of the technology. DINCS will ensure a sufficiently de-risked technology ready to be s99384 Robust broadband adaptive beamforming via polynomial eigenvalues

The book contains 15 chapters which were presented at lectures at the First International Symposium on Structural Crashworthiness held in the Dept of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Liverpool, 14-16 September 1983. The contents focus on the application of solid, structural and experimental mechanics to the prediction of the crumpling behaviour and energy absorption of thin-walled structures under quasi-static compression and various dynamic crash loadings. Emphasis is placed on fundamental aspects and the most important engineering applications in the automobile, aircraft, rail, ship and offshore industries. The chapters (lectures) are as follows: Laterally compressed metal tubes as impact energy absorbers, The static approach to plastic collapse and energy: dissipation in some thin-walled steel structures, Crushing behaviour of plate intersections, Energy absorption by structural collapse, Axial crushing of fibre reinforced composite tubes, Impact stability of plated steel structures, Static and dynamic finite element analysis of structural crashworthiness in the automotive and aerospace industries, Study of the crash behaviour of aircraft fuselage structures, Aircraft crash dynamics, Application of the non-linear finite element computer program, 'DYCAST' to aircraft crash analysis, Structural aspects of ship collision, Collision resistance of marine structures, Analysis of framework-type safety structures in road vehicles, Rail vehicle structural crashworthiness and Structural damage in airship and rolling stock collisions.

Marine exhaust gas economiser systems (thermal energy recovery equipment provided in downstream flues for exhaust gases of marine diesel main engines) are widely employed to use the thermal energy from exhaust gases of marine diesel main engines effectively and to reduce ship's operating fuels. At present low-speed two-cycle single-acting crosshead-type long-stroke diesel engines are the mainstream of main engines of general merchant ships in Japan. The current state of MEGE (marine exhaust gas economizer) systems and a view on system reliability are discussed. MEGEs are directly joined with diesel main engines by an exhaust gas piping. So when there is trouble with MEGEs onboard immediate action must be taken (particularly for systems that have no redundancy) otherwise the total reliability of the ship is lost. Improvements in reliability of MEGE systems are an important factor in the maintainance of a ship's reliability. The main troubles with MEGEs onboard are with deformation and meltdown of heat-exchanger tubes due to soot fire or leakage from pitting of heat-exchanger tubes due to dew-point corrosion of sulphuric acid. Measures are suggested directed towards improvements in reliability based on prediction of soot fire and pitting of heat-exchanger tubes due to dew-point corrosion of sulphuric acid prevention of soot fire and dew-point corrosion of sulphuric acid from design.

A brief account traces the historical background to the formation of the International Federation of Shipmasters Associations (IFSMA) and outlines its aims objectives organisational structure membership requirements and status at IMO. Discussion subsequently centres on topics of current concern which have particular relevance to the control of emergencies by limiting human error and the management of mixed nationality crews they include: the concept of chief engineer as master (with reference to the 1994 Winterbottom Lecture given by Lord Sterling); education and training demands of future manpower (with reference to a 1994 paper by S Sorlie); the importance of training and competence in seamanship (with reference to the British and Liberian reports on the Braer disaster); the requirements of safe manning and watchkeeping (with details of IMO Resolution A481 the UK Merchant Shipping Notice No 1501 and SOLAS 1974); the effects of physical and mental fatigue on crew performance and ship safety fitness for duty and requirements of the STCW Code; provision for medical care and the medical training of seafarers as required by ILO Convention 164 and the IMO Medical Training Certificates; proposed requirements for the qualification and training of surveyors (including PSC Officers RO personnel ISM personnel); the basic specific and realistic safety training of ships' personnel; the significance of human error in marine casualty contributing factors and their control; and the need for co-operative relationships between ship dX33188

It is generally said that corrosion is one of the dominant life-limiting factors of ships because hull structural members are exposed to corrosive environment after commissioning and ageing effect such as large thickness diminution due to corrosion may be unavoidable. In order to establish the method of inspection and survey it is necessary to understand the corrosion process estimate the corrosion rate accurately and evaluate the effect of corrosion wastage not only on overall strength but also on local strength accurately. Corrosion pits with a conical shape are typically observed in hold frames in way of cargo holds of bulk carriers which carry coal and iron ore. The ratio of the diameter to the depth of the typical corrosion pits is in the range of between 8-1 and 10-1 and its diameter might become up to 50 mm. The evaluation of residual strength of members with large uneven pitting corrosion is difficult compared with that of members with general corrosion. Therefore it is of crucial importance to develop a method for the evaluation of residual strength of pitted members. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates under various loading conditions and to explore a method for the evaluation of residual thickness of pitted plates.

13rd International Marine Systems Design Conf held Pittsburgh 8-10 June 1988 Papers are The subcavitating/supercavitating hybrid propeller An advanced method for design of optimal ducted propellers behind bodies of revolution Optimal hull forms for fishing vessels A knowledge-based system architecture for control of underwater vehicles Roll reduction by rudder control An integrated rig management system for a semisubmersible floating production vessel Computer aided navigation system (CANSY-II) Evaluation of impact loads associated with flare slamming Surface effect ship loads; lessons learnt and their implications for other advanced marine vehicles Advanced ship structural design and maintenance Methods of incorporating design for production considerations into concept design investigations Achieving customer and marketing orientation in marine transport system design Incorporating a seakeeping capability in a computer aided preliminary design system Hull form design - only a matter of the computer ? The components of the propulsive efficiency of ships in relation to the design procedure Design conception and CAE/CAD of hull form Direct curve and surface manipulation for hull form design Intelligent computer aid in marine design and ocean engineering Ship synthesis model morphology Teaching design for students of marine technology Operational aspects in ship design; the case of the roll on/roll off vessel The productive experience of 3D CAD/CAM techniques applied to ship design and construction A new concept for neat fit ship propulsion

The original book filled a need for a manual showing the application of theoretical principles to the design and construction of marine machinery, as determined by the experience of leading engineers, and carried out in successful practice. It will help make clearer some of the technicalities of marine design and construction and so help forward the application of scientific investigation to those problems which the marine engineer is called upon, day by day, to solve. This 12th edition is updated to reflect changes in technology. Chapter contents include horse-power - nominal and indicated and the efficiency of the engine; resistance of ships and indicated horse-power necessary for speed; space occupied by, and general description of, modern marine machinery; simple and compound engines; expansion of steam, mean pressure etc; piston speed, stroke of picton, revolutions, size of cylinder, cylinder fittings; the piston, piston-rod and connecting-rod; shafting, cranks and crank-shafts; foundations, bed-plates, columns, guides and framing; the condenser; pumps; valve and valve gear; valve diagrams; propellers; sea cocks and valves and auxiliary machinery; boilers, fuel, evaporation; boilers- design and proportions; water-tube boilers; construction and detail of boilers; boil mountings and fittings; fitting in of machinery, starting and reversing of engines; weight and other particulars of machinery relating thereto; weight, inertia, momentum, balancing; materials used by the marine engineer; oil and lubricants. There is also a catalogue of standard works published by Charles Griffin at the back.

Recently several propulsion shafting damage incidents have been reported. They are generally said to be related to improper shafting alignments that fail to absorb changes in bearing offset between different operating conditions. Such damage tends to occur on ships with large draft variations from ballast to fully loaded conditions such as VLCCs. In this paper the authors propose a new enhanced method for propulsion shafting alignment taking into account variations in bearing offsets while in service based on results of onboard ship measurements and FE analysis carried out to determine the hull deflection between different conditions. Although the results show that static hull deflection arising from changes in draft can be predicted by FEM with satisfactory accuracy a significant dynamic deflection component thought to be related to ship motions in waves and difficult to predict by analysis is also present. In addition to checking the effect of predetermined full deflection high accuracy alignment calculation models incorporating all engine bearings and using equivalent circular bar representing crankshaft and an optimisation procedure to minimise shafting sensitivity to bearing offsets variation are proposed.

Two of the most important structural configurations made of composite materials are plate and shell type structures. They are laminated of many plies or layers. Usually the composite structural panels are in the form of single skin laminates reinforced as necessary by stiffeners in order to achieve the economy in weight in the process without reduction of strength or the critical buckling load. Depending upon the behaviour under torsion the stiffener can be classified into two categories: open and closed sections. The open section such as the 'I' inverted 'T' 'Z' 'J' and rectangular sections are torsionally flexible against the closed section in the form of hat and box sections. In metallic and FRP construction of aircrafts and ships the curved section stiffeners have so far been disposed in various ways within the structure. The positioning of the stiffeners with respect to the shell midsurface i.e. eccentric or concentric is also a matter of concern to the structural analyst. When the stiffener centroid is coincident with the plate-shell mid-surface it is called concentric stiffener whereas the stiffener centroid and plate-shell mid-surface is eccentric it is called eccentric stiffener. Here emphasis is placed on the use of eccentric-concentric open-closed section laminated stiffeners in laminated shell structures under various loading and boundary conditions. Finite element buckling analysis is presented of laminated hat stiffened shallow and deep shells using arbitrarily oriented stiffener formulaX38137

Survivability is a probabilistic indication of a system's (such as a ships buildings or engines) ability to obtain or maintain some designated capability or performance such as "Protection of personnel from..". The quantitatively undefined word "protection" leaqves the designer to arbitrarily 'guess' as to the quantifiable intent. the phrase "proctection of personnel from..." may indicate 0 5 or 20% casualty allowance for any or all threats). Therefore to measure a vessel's survivability a quantifiable description of the designated ship capabilities or performances must be defined for each threat type. However full quantification of any complex system such as a ship or a threat event is infeasible leading to some "random chance" distribution (i.e. a statistical determination or probablistic representation) of a ship's survivability. Total ship survivability requires a blanced and integrated consideration of the differing facets of ship design including signature control and self-defense weapon systems and post hit damage mitigation. the significant weight volume and cost penalties associated with survivability features such as thicker armor and rapid-response damage control systems may often be outweighed by the simple fact that probability of the ship getting hit by threat is minimal. Consequently an integrated probabilistic approach to the determination and evaluation of a measure of a system's total survivability is required. Within this paper the authors present a derivation of the fundamental statistics for the development of a performance-based metric for the evaluation comparison and optimization of a system;s88177 The determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in produced water

NAVOCEANO (the Naval Oceanographic Office) has traditionally produced STOICs (special tactical oceanographic information charts) that provide the warfighter with information superiority by describing the hydrographic-oceanographic nature of the battlespace in a paper chart or raster chart format. The centerpiece of a STOIC is the hydrographic chart which is surrounded by essential elements of information that succinctly describe environmental parameters specifically affecting mine warfare special operations and amphibious warfare. The present STOIC product cannot be simultaneously viewed with other geospatial data as required for achieving intelligence dominance of the battlespace. In addition the Navy is now moving to electronic navigation using DNC (digital nautical charts) and plans to be fully operational with ECDIS -N (electronic chart display and information systems-navy) on all ships by fiscal year 2004. To support these new geospatial capabilities future NAVOCEANO tactical products will be based on standards-based geospatial information that allows for feature attribution and compliance with both the NATO Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard and the International Hydrographic Organisation S-57 transfer standard. The new product line will be tactical layers that can be overlaid on the DNC or ENC (electronic navigation chart) data and will exhibit the full functionality of ECDIS-N the NATO Warship ECDIS and other tactical decision aids. It is outlined how NAVOCEANO will meet the challenge to modernise its tactical support by updating its production line. X34359 Electronic chart displays for use in VTMIS