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The role of the simulation tools used by the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN) for design studies is discussed. The research and development conducted in modelling and simulation with these tools is detailed. Reference is made to international co-operation (NATO WEAG) in this area. The shift towards integrated full electric propulsion for new ships within the RNLN is shown with a number of design examples of current and future RNLN projects. After some background information a look is taken at trends including trends in project realisation man machinery interface technology and simulation. This is followed by brief consideration of international co-operation.

A sensor network being trialled on a RAN (Royal Australian Navy) ACPB (Armidale Class Patrol Boat) in a collaborative project between the DSTO (Defence Science and Technology Organisation) and Austal Ships is described. The network includes novel sensors that have not been used previously for ship hull monitoring. Potentially they will provide versatile small energy-efficient options for strain motion and corrosion sensing of hull structures. The evolution to a larger semi-planing hullform and an all-aluminium construction provides an opportunity to deliver significant benefits with the installation of a hull-condition monitoring system. Improvements in assessing hull structure performance for the benefit of through-life fleet management and service life assessment can be realised if the system is complemented with strategic data analysis and modelling and these are also discussed briefly.

First Int Conf held in 1970 Papers are Tugboats safety and education A tugmans "Cri de Coeur" Lighterage in the Port of London Application of high efficiency anchors Ship borne manoeuvring devices Performance of a propeller nozzle fitted to a motor trawler Propeller drive applications on tugs and barge trains A range of medium speed propulsion engines for applications in tugs Medium and high speed marine diesel engines in heavy duty service Assessment of tug performance Design of modern ship handling tugs Construction of modern ship handling tugs Handling of super tankers Harbour berthing tug requirements Some comments on tug design criteria Design of a GRP hull suitable for towing Marine corrosion Economical maintenance and high performance coatings Handling of towing gear The application of the tonnage measurement regulations to tugs Synthetic fibres to tow ropes Tugs as a part of a transportation system and techniques of barge towing Sealink systems Articulated and tug barge operations at sea Tugs and barges transportation system The tug and barge transportation industry of British Columbia Barge trains and push towing The development of hinged and articulated ships and the contribution they will make towards reducing transport costs

The Navy eagerly awaits its first new destroyer for over 20 years - the T45 Daring Class Destroyer. The T45 is the world's first major combatant vessel with a military standard IEP (integrated electric propulsion) system. IEP offers significant benefits to warship applications in terms of integrated power and propulsion flexibility of operation and reduced whole life cost. Within the power system are several equipments new to naval service. BAE SYSTEMS is the Prime Contractor for the T45 and the programme is now at a point where with detailed design complete and long lead power system equipment installed in the first two ships Setting to Work is well advanced in the First of Class DARING and sea trials are programmed for later in 2007. The Prime and major sub-contractors now have over five years of experience working together with the customer the T45 IPT (integrated project team) within the DPA (defence procurement agency) to develop and integrate and IEP power system into the T45. Some of the experiences and issues which this team has faced over the last few years in power system integration in the context of the T45 IEP system are presented.

The US Navy will be faced with numerous challenges while undertaking the transition from manual to electronic navigation. Training and education will be essential. It is anticipated that new technology and capabilities will enable the Navy to conduct operations more effectively more efficiently and more safely. There is a massive amount of co-ordination involved. The US Navy has a goal of achieving a paperless bridge by 2004. To test this concept two Navy CVBGs (carrier battle groups) will use certified ECDIS-N (electronic chart display and information system-navy) systems in 2002. The ten-year vision is for a virtual digital 4D cube of the environment. The four dimensions being 3D plus the fourth dimension of time. With the advent of NAVSTAR GPS (global positioning system) mariners are now capable of navigating ships with much greater accuracy than ever before. However there are inherent limitations to paper nautical charts when plotting GPS positions. With the advent of electronic navigation systems plotting errors are minimised.

Classification Societies are independent organisations that promote the security of life property and the environment of ships and offshore structures. This is done by the establishing and administrating standards for the design construction and operational maintenance of marine vessels and structures. Classification rules and guides are largely of prescriptive nature and have been historically established from principles of naval architecture marine engineering and other scientific principles. Traditionally ship and offshore classification rules are formulated based on proven engineering principles and operational experience. With increasing frequency the marine and offshore industries develop new applications or processes for which existing classification rules may not be directly applicable. For this reason a new process for classification has been created to deal with a new design starting from the concept development stage. This new process draws upon engineering testing and risk assessments in order to determine if the concept provides acceptable levels of safety in line with current offshore and marine industry practice. Central to this process are risk assessment techniques which are used as a way to better understand and anticipate structural and operational issues related to the novel design.

The use of virtual manufacturing (VM) is standard practice in the production of mass products such as in the automotive industry to optimise both the product and the manufacturing processes. The high production runs and possible savings justify the large amount of time and effort spent in modelling and optimising the manufacturing process. However the shipbuilding industry is a different situation. Ships are designed and built as one-offs or in a very small series. The Marine Technology Department of the Delft University of Technology is investigating the use of virtual manufacturing in shipbuilding. The objective being to improve the build process and the quality of the end product by generating early feedback to the design and engineering processes and by generating and testing production plans. The process of generating a production plan from a hull design is described.

Fish are capable of perceiving and responding to underwater sound generated by vessels. Fish hearing is generally most sensitive to low frequency sound which coincides with the frequency range at which the underwater sound radiated from ships is most intense. The potential for fish to avoid survey vessels is therefore a major source of uncertainty in stock-assessment surveys. Walleye Pollock are the subject of a substantial commercial fishery in the North Pacific however their behavioural response to approaching survey vessels remains poorly understood. Pairwise comparisons are made of acoustic backscatter recorded by survey vessels while free running and while trawling. It is concluded that although the study indicates that Pollock respond to trawling vessels the nature of the behavioural response cannot be determined with the methods used in this study. Future work is identified to evaluate potential stimuli produced by trawlers to which Pollock may react and should document changes in behaviour that may occur in their presence. Materials and methods are presented and results presented and discussed.

Papers volume from the 'Warship 2003: Airpower at Sea' two-day international conference, held 25th - 26th June, 2003. London, UK. Papers: The projection of power from the sea in the 21st century, The Royal Navy's Future aircraft carrier, Selected Aspects of CVF's aviation related design, Aircraft/ship integration and the JSF challenge, Power from platform to aircraft, Automated material handling enhances airpower through compact storage, directional sound evacuation, High pressure water mist for fire fighting, Effect of flight deck configurations and conditions on helicopter securing requirements at landing, Architectural considerations in carrier design, WIG (Wing in ground effect) past designs and operational theory and Airpower aspects of multi-hull ships.

Fast ferries for commuters use navigable inland waterways around metropolitan cities. Care has to be taken that the wash does not damage the shores. Two similar panel codes are developed to solve the fully non-linear wave resistance problem for ships in restricted water. The methods assume potential flow and formulate the physics in the framework of potential flow theory. In shallow water dynamic trim and sinkage become important and waves feature more non-linear effects than in deep water. Therefore a consistent linearisation of the non-linear free-surface condition is derived to solve the problem iteratively. Usual 3- to 4-iterations are enough to obtain converged solutions. Applications are shown from various industry projects including one for a surface-effect catamaran for inland river transport.

Wave disturbance in the harbour area is caused by the passage of wave energy through the porous body of rubble-mound breakwaters as well as by overtopping of waves. The performance of a rubble-mound breakwater is greatly affected by the quantum of the wave transmission. At Visakhapatnam Port the wave disturbance on the leeside of the south breakwater caused difficulties for the operation of ships at the oil terminal. Wave flume studies were carried out to assess the wave transmission through the body of the existing cross-section of the breakwater and to suggest remedial measures to reduce the wave transmission vis-à-vis wave disturbance on the leeside of the south breakwater. The salient details of transmission behaviour of the existing breakwater are described as well as the specific solution evolved to reduce the transmission through the breakwater.

The hulls of modern ships are almost entirely welded. This makes the prediction of post-welded deformations very important. The number of parameters involved in the process of welding is large so the exact mathematical theory for prediction of deformations is unavailable. Some researchers have estimated the post-welded deflection is based on empirical and semi-empirical equations. The growing literature on the study of post-welded deflections of hull plates enables the estimation of these deflections based on the plate geometry and the plate material. The limited number of critical parameters covered by these experiments makes it difficult to organise the data systematically. This has delayed the introduction of a framework for estimating the influence on the plate deflection from welding speed current number of passes welding rod size and material etc. The approach adopted in the USSR was to develop an integrated framework to include the critical welding parameters. The main results from this approach were published in several books with the main reference being a book by Kuzminov1974

This brief paper looks at the the appearances of women in depictions of the sea. When looking at the history of art representatations of the sea are not very abundant prior to the Renaissance and the turning point represented by Botticelli's Birth of Venus. After this the sea comes to figure prominently in the art of Venice and Baroque art but here women are still notable by the absence rarity or insignificance of their presence. In the context of new roles for women in relation to the sea envisaged by the European Union most of these are shore based although two developents seem to open greater prospects for increased female participation onboard. The first are the jobs related to info-technology and the second is the increased size of ships enabling facilities to be provided for times of pregnancy and without neglecting child rearing responsibilities.

The A-sized standard is adopted for many buoys used in ocean monitoring that are deployed from aircraft helicopters ships and submarines using pressure and gravity launch tubes as well as CAD (charge-activated devices). Unfortunately most existing A-sized systems are drifting buoys and acquiring relatively long term measurements from a fixed location in littoral waters is difficult because currents tend to move these drifting buoys on shore or out of the region of active interest. A novel air brake and mooring module is presented that provides a reliable air deployment and autonomous mooring capability for A-sized systems. The design overview required is outlined followed by a description of the air brake and anchor design and intelligent mooring spool design. After this performance optimisation is considered and some testing and evaluation is described.

Thermal destruction is recognised as the most effective method of reducing the volume of solid waste. There are several applications that can benefit from the development of relatively lightweight compact thermal destruction systems for treating combustible non-hazardous solid waste. Examples of potential uses include the thermal destruction of waste aboard naval ships commercial vessels oil platforms and small island communities. The US Navy has sponsored the development of a shipboard plasma arc solid waste destruction system as part of its Advanced Technology Demonstration Program. The design features are discussed together with the demonstration of full-scale equipment built to determine the efficacy of using ultra-high temperature plasma technology for the destruction of ship generated solid waste. The equipment described is designed to process the combustible non-hazardous solid waste produced daily by a population of 5000 to 6000 people while operating in the marine environment.

The safety of oil tanker now becomes a hot issue in the international maritime affairs which requires analyzing its safety in detail. Theoretically the safety factors like ship condition human environment and management factors have to be involved with attributes from low level to high level. In this paper the ships safety is analyzed by the use of fuzzy mathematical theory for establishing the model of comprehensive evaluation. In order to achieve this a value analysis model is set up where subject degree of each estimated index is obtained by constructing fuzzy subjects and with rough set theory fuzzy phenomena in evaluation of environmental impact which is a sub-system within the whole model. This is described and analyzed. The process of the implementation is described with the example of environmental impact in oil tankers manufacturing stage. For the sustainable ship design the result of the evaluation will give a guide to the design procedure which is a comprehensive job for engineers and designers.

With the Arctic becoming more important to the world community both scientifically and economically a need has been created for conventional icebreakers and other ice-reinforced vessels to travel to high latitudes. An experiment involving two ships to provide scientific platforms for numerous research disciplines needed four years planning. Ice information was included in the planning of the ship's track since the experiment involved going to areas never explored by a surface ship before. Ice information and real time ice information are discussed. Using the "New" SSM/I channel is looked at followed by interpretation.

For offshore structures risk can be measured by loss of life loss of property environmental pollution costs of loss of production and so on. Mitigating risks can be achieved through reducing the probability of accident occurrence and-or minimising the consequences of such accidents. Risk analysis is a tool that is increasingly applied in the marine and offshore industries to manage safety health and environmental protection. The latest research and analyses related to the risk assessment of ship-FPSO collision is reviewed. The focus is placed on: existing criteria FPSO collision accident design scenarios for FPSO collision mechanics of collision incidents consequences and acceptance criteria. The research achievements of ships' collision and grounding since 1990s are introduced. Issues specific to ship-FPSO collisions that deserve further development are addressed. The content of this paper is mainly drawn from the ISSC 2006 Specialist Committee 5.1 on Collision and Grounding.

The review presented covers the retrofitting of a waste heat boiler in the 32000 dwt Fjordshell product tanker to recover heat from the exhaust of a 8800 kW slow speed diesel to produce steam for cargo heating tank cleaning fuel heating and hotel requirements. The choice of fluidised bed design considerations installation structural alterations circulation system and exhaust gas system are discussed. Operational techniques and experience boiler performance and development work being carried out to optimize the design are outlined. The main advantages and disadvantages of the fluidised bed waste heat boiler are listed and the negligible effect of the ships motion on the bed performance is noted.

This paper presents a new numerical method for predicting the flow and resistance components of ships and marine structures. Flow is divided into three zones - potential flow with a free surface the boundary surface and the Navier-Stokes flow. Separate computation is performed for each flow giving greater resolution without excessive computer processing time. A brief account of the theory is presented with examples of derived figures compared with measurements. Predicted quantities include resistance components and wakes also in the presence of a working propeller. The method is claimed to be of value at an early design stage complementing traditional model testing.