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To manufacture paper grades having better optical and printing properties the paper web is thermomechanically modified in roll nips. On site observations show that coating and calendering are very speed-sensitive processes generating roll vibrations in nip contact at higher speeds and causing both maintenance and quality problems. Hand-derived equations and computer simulations must be analyzed and verified by experimental testing on a laboratory unit build up. The laboratory experimental setup should be designed so that different operation regimes can be studied.

This paper tries to highlight why the rules for Preventing Collisions at Sea which have been successfully used for 50 years are increasingly inadequate in the last few decades despite the use of modern navigational equipment. This problem is examined and some solutions are discussed. Topics addressed include traffic in various transport systems contrasting transport modes background to the Empirical Rules for Collision Avoidance at Sea an analysis and classification of rules for collision avoidance and recent developments in the rules.

New partial shear connection strength theory is presented suitable for designing the positive moment regions of either simply-supported or continuous composite slabs providing the profiled steel sheeting demonstrates strong fundamentally ductile mechanical interlock. Considerable testing of Bondek II using the Slip Block Test has shown this to be the case for this profile. This strength design procedure is the most advanced method of its type available and will form the basis of an Australian Standard for composite slabs currently being developed.

This booklet was first prepared in 1944 when communications were more difficult. It is intended to be of assistance to shipowners, operators, master and officers when prompt decisions have to be made. The suggestions in the book are not legal treatise. Contents include: Salvage; Salvage services rendered to other vessels; Stranding; Fire; Collision with another vessel; port of refuge; General average; Pollution-Hazardous substances; York/Antwerp Rules, 1974.

Extensive research conducted over the years on the fatigue behaviour of welded structures has brought a greater understanding to design methods that can be employed to reduce premature or progressive fatigue cracking. By discussing essential design rules, the book highlights the need for a design approach that incorporates an understanding of the fatigue problem and a grasp of the way in which the effects of welding must be taken into account. Specific recommendations for the design of welded joints in components or structures are discussed as is an account of the application of fatigue, providing useful information in the design or assessment of welded joints. Part 1, Welded joints under fatigue loading, covers fatigue failure, significant features of welds in relation to fatigue, factors which affect fatigue of welded joints, and fatigue of welded joints. Part 2, Design rules, looks at fatigue design rules for welded steel joints, stresses used with the fatigue design rules, practical application of the rules, significance of weld imperfections, improving the fatigue strength of welded joints and typical service failures.

The safety philosophy and limit state design methodology adopted in the new revision of Det Norske Veritas (DNV) "Rules for Submarine Pipeline Systems" completed in late 1996 (DNV'96) are discussed. A look is taken at the safety philosophy adopted and the background for design criteria related to pressure containment are presented. The principles for assessing and accounting for the influence of system effects material quality hydro test and pressure safety are considered. The implicit higher allowable use given by the LRFD-format for the pressure containment is illustrated. Design performance feedback from the industry and experience gained since the issue are discussed.

The regulatory documentation produced by the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping for a type 'A' small civil ekranoplane is presented. This includes its rules of classification and construction. The rules came into force on 1st January 1999. The document is the first in the world for ekranoplanes (fast sea transport). The history of ekranoplane documentation is also discussed.

Rules governing the use of structural steel in shipbuilding have changed little since they were introduced just after the Second World War but with the advances made in ship design the introduction of high tensile steels and with some owners looking to operate theri vessels in arctic waters a revision may be necessary.

The IMCO 1973 rules (and 1978 amendments) concerning operational marine pollution control through segregated ballast arrangements on tankers are discussed; tanker design; capital and running costs; operational aspects (stability wind loading manoeuvring berthing)

Eighteen nations have now agreed to new recommendations for ro-ro ferry safety agreed in Stockholm which include the ability to withstand 500mm of water on a watertight main vehicle deck by October 2002 three years earlier than proposed by SOLAS 90.

The developed theory and methods normally described as reliability theory applied mainly to structures have made significant advances in the last decade and are used directly for design analysis rule calibration and inspection planning. These methods now are shown to be equally applicable for developing design rules for marine propulsion systems. This is illustrated by calibration of the scuffing approval code for marine gear transmissions and reliability updating of a ball bearing for inspection and maintenance planning.

An approach has been developed for formulating a code for design of ship structures to achieve uniform structural safety (reliability index) independent of ship size or magnitude of the design variables. The approach is based on the partial safety factor format and a prescribed reliability level determined from calibration with existing classification society rules. Examples are presented for determining criteria for section modulus and initial scantlings of tankers. Formulations are based on material yield strength buckling ultimate strength and fatigue reliability.

The main rule changes between 1990 and 1993 affecting the marine painting process are examined. The new rules have come from 3 main authorities - the US government the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) and the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). After a summary of these changes each rule is discussed aiming to locate the key points affecting painting and indicating the likely effect on the application process.