Nuno Fonseca ; Ricardo Pascoal ; Carlos Guedes Soares
2005
The structural design of FPSO platforms which have ship like hull forms depends on the expected maximum global structural loads that the platform will experience during its lifetime. The structural loads on a FPSO induced by a large set of realistic (measured) abnormal waves are compared with the loads induced by 'design storms' and also with the minimum values required by Classification Society rules. The design storms last three hours and correspond to the 100 years contour of the scatter diagram of the Northern North Sea. Time domain simulations are carried out with a time domain sea-keeping program that accounts for the most important nonlinear effects. The results are analysed to obtain probability distributions of the sagging and hogging peaks of the vertical bending moment. Several theoretical distributions are fitted to the simulated realisations.
Nuno Fonseca ; Ricardo Pascoal ; Carlos Guedes Soares
2005
D Compton
International Maritime Lecturers' Association - IMLA 97
The revised Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW 95) requires maritime education and training institutions to develop and implement a quality standards system to ensure that objectives are clearly identified and satisfactorily achieved. The development and implementation of such a system at the United States Merchant Marine Academy is discussed. The mandates and guidelines provided by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the US Coast Guard are examined. (NB The US Coast Guard has since changed some its rules.)
D Compton
1997
International Maritime Lecturers' Association - IMLA 97
Guilherme Rueda ; Bruno Madella ; Kazuo Nishimoto et al.
2005
The AVCG (allowable vertical position of the centre of the gravity) of a unit informs for each draft the VCG limit that fulfils some requirements in case intact and damage stability requirements according to the ABS rules. The AVCG in mono-column offshore platforms is studied. As a case study the MonoBR an innovative conceptual unit developed by a partnership of PETROBRAS-CENPES and University of Sao Paulo was analyzed. The studies were carried out during the design of MonoBR for the Walker Ridge area Gulf of Mexico. The effect on the stability of the unit caused by a damaged tank depends on its loading condition since there is loss of both buoyancy and mass modifying the unit's displacement and centre of gravity. In other words depending on the tank loading the amount of water that enters or leaves the unit in a damage case may vary widely. Here the methodology is presented that is adopted in the study of the influence of the ballast tanks loading in the AVCG curve in MonoBR
Guilherme Rueda ; Bruno Madella ; Kazuo Nishimoto et al.
2005
S Sarada ; O Fleischer ; R Puthli
2002
There is a strong demand from industry to use more slender sections for masts cranes lattice girders and topside structures of offshore platforms in order to reduce the dead load of the superstructure and for economy. A basis for a design model which allows extension of existing design rules for more slender RHS (rectangular hollow sections) is provided. Presently Eurocode 3 provides design guidelines for RHS joints made up of members having b/t < 35. However in practice there is an increasing demand to use more slender sections. The results of initial numerical and analytical studies are presented on the static strength of uni-planar K-joints with gap made of RHS having b/t > 35. A numerical model has been developed and calibrated with existing experimental results. The aspects considered are material and geometrical non-linearity modelling of the weld and analysis procedure. The results of the numerical calibration are further used for a parameter study which give the first important results for the behaviour of such thin walled K-joints.
S Sarada ; O Fleischer ; R Puthli
2002
M Hadi-Baaj
2002
From 1887 until 1990 the port of Beirut had been operated by a single private company under a concession contract which awarded the company exclusive rights for port management operation and development subject to conditions and royalties paid to the State. In December 1990 the concession contract expired and the State emerging from a prolonged 15-year civil war decided to take a temporary measure of appointing a temporary commission to operate the port under the rules of expiring concession. However the temporary commission underwent three major personnel changes which clearly prevented any long-term planning. In 1998 the temporary commission entered into a 20-year joint venture for the establishment of a container terminal. Thus the need to develop a permanent institutional framework for the port of Beirut became urgent. It was also hoped that this model could be applied to Lebanon's three other ports which were also inefficient. The port organisation models that were investigated are presented
M Hadi-Baaj
2002
G Supino ; A G Bremner & J Richardson (translated by)
208e
The contents of the book are arranged in two parts. The first includes chapters on: diesel engines for stationary plants - land engines; marine diesel engines; fuels for diesel engines; thermodynamic cycles; efficiencies and the calculation of cylinder dimensions. The second part covers all the parts of a diesel engine, including bed plates, crankshafts, cylinder heads, valves, self-actuating gears, fuel injection pump, compressors. Later chapters deal with the layout and specifications for the engine room and marine engine room installations. An appendix to this deals with the Rules of Classification Societies for the construction of marine oil engines. The last chapter looks at tuning-up and testing and trials of diesel engines.
G Supino ; A G Bremner & J Richardson (translated by)
London ; Charles Griffin & Company Ltd
Catalogue number623.2
208e
1915
Gaute Storhaug ; Erlend Moe ; Gabriel Holtsmark
2005
Current design rules applicable for conventional ships are developed to ensure that the hull girder of ships can withstand the critical loads during the life span of the vessel. Currently the conventional wave loading is the only effect considered in fatigue assessment of ships. DNV has recently confirmed that fatigue damage from wave-induced vibrations may be of similar magnitude as from the conventional wave loading. The wave-induced vibration often referred to as whipping and-or springing contributes to fatigue damage for other ship types and trades as well. The effect of trade is considered. It is shown when the wave-induced vibrations should be accounted for in the design phase with respect to fatigue damage. The target ship representative for a number of Capesize bulk carriers is compared to a somewhat larger reference ship.
Gaute Storhaug ; Erlend Moe ; Gabriel Holtsmark
2005
D A Taylor ; A S T Tang
235b
The book begins with a chapter on ship types, describing the majority of vessels in service at time of publication and in years to come. Several of these are illustrated by general arrangement diagrams with features marked. This is followed by a chapter that defines a ship and its parts and introduces the terminology used. The next chapter covers rules and regulations as well as tonnage definitions. Methods used in calculating the areas and volumes of ship's hulls are next explained and worked examples are given making each calculation easy to follow. Such calculations form a necessary part of the following chapters which have the self-explanatory headings such as Buoyancy, stability and trim; Ships and the Sea; Structural strength; and Resistance. The latter chapter also features the use of model testing and its relationship to full scale ships. The book then moves on to the subjects of Propellers and propulsion, Manoeuvring and motion control and Vibration, each of which is described from first principles through to the various formulas used in the necessary calculations relating to the appropriate subject heading. The book closes with a chapter on Ship Design.
D A Taylor ; A S T Tang
London ; The Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST)
ISBN number1902536568
235b
2006
A Lough
American Bureau of Shipping
Potential problems posed by the Millennium Bug for computer based applications are discussed with particular attention to its implications for the highly integrated shipping industry notably the embedded systems used in the control and operation of marine systems (including machinery navigation traffic management communications cargo management planned maintenance condition/performance monitoring crew records business performance). The concept of compliance and its definition by the British Standards Institution in DISC PD2000-1 "A Definition of Year 2000 Conformity Requirements" is examined and distinguished from the idea of "fit for use". Strategies for the effective management of the problem are proposed and include testing to demonstrate compliance and contingency planning. The involvement of Lloyd's Register in working to raise levels of awareness providing information and support and amending the Rules so that programmable electronic systems are required to handle all dates properly is outlined.
A Lough
1999
American Bureau of Shipping
Kenneth M Sharp ; Randy H White
214b
AUVs (autonomous underwater vehicles) are useful and necessary tools for modern oceanographic data collection. NAVOCEANO has been successfully applying AUV technology since 1997. NAVOCEANO's entry into the large AUV realm was initiated with the transfer of a vehicle named Lazarus developed and tested in 1997. NAVOCEANO also teamed with Penn State Applied Research Laboratory to design and build the SEAHORSE-Class AUV with the first of three vehicles delivered in 2001. These vehicles are powered by D-cell alkaline batteries and were mainly used to develop AUV Concept of Operations and logistic requirements. These vehicles are designed to operate under a pre-programmed set of rules and instructions with the goal of carrying out assigned missions without direct operator interaction or supervision. This concept would provide a 'force multiplier' to other NAVOVCEANO survey assets. However in order for AUVs to become operationally effective several technology gaps needed to be overcome. These gaps included sensors communications navigation power and launch and retrieval systems. As technologies advanced the RAMUS 6000 AUV overcame these gaps and became an operational tool for the US Navy. The technology advances are described.
Kenneth M Sharp ; Randy H White
2008
214b
Chang Doo Jang ; Ho Kyung Kim
1999
The procedure for obtaining optimum structural design is presented together with the computer programme used to minimise the hull weight of a surface-effect ship built of composite materials. By using a developed computer programme the optimum structural designs for three types of surface-effect ship are carried out and the efficiency of each type is investigated from the point of view of weight. The computer programme successfully reduced the hull weight of surface-effect ship by about 15-30%. The DNV classification rules are used to determine design loads and strength criteria. Numerical results of optimum structural designs are presented and discussed.
Chang Doo Jang ; Ho Kyung Kim
1999
Hedi Dendani ; Christophe Jaeck
2007
Flowlines and pipelines in offshore areas are generally laid on the surface of the seabed under their own weight without being buried in a trench. These pipelines may experience lateral buckling and axial walking due to their expansion caused by their operating temperatures and pressures. Analysis of pipe-soil interaction is required to assess control and limit buckling. This analysis should include geotechnical data collection and interpretation and evaluation of the lateral and axial resistance that a pipeline develops to resist the expansion forces. Simplified methods and practical calculations are proposed to evaluate the axial and lateral pipeline resistance mobilisation curves to be integrated into the general pipeline models. These calculations are based on general soil mechanics rules and calibrated using the results of the pipe-soil interaction experiments presented in the second part. Parameters such as pipe over-penetration and the development of soil berms during lateral movement are briefly presented as they may greatly influence the lateral soil resistance.
Hedi Dendani ; Christophe Jaeck
2007
Marintec China 1983
Marintec
Conf held in Shanghai 23 Oct 1983 Papers are Latest developments with a view to low fuel consumption rates and high reliability of medium speed engines burning heavy fuel oil Propulsion systems and ship operating efficiency optimisation of the marine transportation cost thorugh medium speed engines Increasing the propulsion efficiency and fuel economy of diesels Economical machinery for merchant ships and small ships Low cost coal fired options for small coastal vessels The Sulzer RTA low speed diesel engines - the major contribution to improve fuel consumption and propulsion efficiency How to select the optimum two stroke low speed diesel Remote control system for large low speed diesel engine A study on the formulae for checking crankshaft strength in the rules of ZC Some points on the design of marine incinerator Fullscale stress measurements and analysis on a highly skewed propeller and a conventional propeller Propeller considerations for modern slow speed two stroke diesel engine Programme system SCPS for ships shafting Indirect propulsion systems - a contribution to energy saving and economical ship propulsion Saving energy and operation expenses - a new technique for prevention and removal of scale deposit
Marintec China 1983
1983
Marintec
Department of Trade and Industry
227c
These instructions are issued by the Department of Trade and Industry for the guidance of their marine surveyors in surveying fire appliances of ships for the purposes of the Merchant Shipping Acts and the Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Rules 1965. They also indicate to shipowners, shipbuilders and others concerned the procedure which the Department adopts for the survey and acceptance of fire appliances. Contents include: General; Procedure for surveys; Submission of plans and acceptance of new appliances; Surveys and inspections; Fire patrols, alarms and detection; Fire pumps, fire mains, water service pipes, hydrants, hoses, nozzles, couplings and international shore connections; Fire extinguishers – portable and non-portable; Fixed fire extinguishing installations; Specialised ships, vehicles spaces, periodically unattended machinery spaces, etc.; Firemen’s outfits; Miscellaneous; Appendix.
Department of Trade and Industry
London : HMSO, 1974.
Catalogue number623.865
227c
1974
ISBN number115110674
Sridhar Jagannathan ; David Gray ; Thomas Mathai et al.
2006
Oil transport involves risks of various kinds many of which can be assessed analysed planned for and mitigated. One risk scenario is that of a loaded tanker suffering a disablement during transit through a constrained waterway. The provision for tug escort is to reduce the likelihood of such a disabled tanker going aground. Tanker escort practice varies throughout the world and is usually based on a local perception of need and adequacy that is rarely backed up with a rigorous analytical assessment or field trials. In the US OPA 90 (the Oil Pollution Act of 1990) has empowered the USCG to set up new regulations for tanker escort specifically in the waters of Prince William Sound and Puget Sound. State rules also exist such as for Puget Sound and San Francisco Bay to regulate rug escort of tankers. The escort requirements of specific waterways are presented with special emphasis on escorting in Prince William Sound San Francisco Bay and Puget Sound. A summary of escort practice in Europe is also provided.
Sridhar Jagannathan ; David Gray ; Thomas Mathai et al.
2006
Gennadiy V Egorov ; Vitaliy V Kozlyakov ; Nickolay N Sivoborodchenko
2003
It is shown in the report that the trial-and-error requirements of the Rules of classification societies to the minimum section modulus of transport ships (including the FPSO-type ships) are based mainly on the maintenance of their strength the lack of which in riveted ships exhibits in the form of weakening of rivet joints and in welded ships in the form of cracks. The analysis of proposals for analytical formulation of the fatigue strength criterion (F.S.C.) during 150 years of development of steel shipbuilding confirms this thesis. It is shown that modern recommendations of IACS (1999) do not provide stable reserves of fatigue resistance for ships of different standard-sizes especially those constructed from high-tensile steels. In the report ways of perfecting the requirements to fatigue strength are offered.
Gennadiy V Egorov ; Vitaliy V Kozlyakov ; Nickolay N Sivoborodchenko
2003
J R Batte ; A S Offen ; S M Wehrle
INTERNAL
First a brief look is taken at the history of Lloyd's Register's involvement with linkspans subsequent linkspan review new rules and regulations for the classification of linkspans CIRIA research project RP572 and statutory requirements. Next a linkspan is defined and its parts are listed. After this types of linkspan are considered in an attempt to give a broad idea of the range of designs to be found including independent pontoon and ramps integrated pontoon and ramps non-buoyant types and hybrid types. Classification procedure is looked at covering conditions for classification scope of classification classification procedure character symbols/class notations and suspension of class. Design considerations are discussed including load cases
J R Batte ; A S Offen ; S M Wehrle
LRTA
INTERNAL
1998
L Blom-Cooper
The Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA)
A Queen's Council considers the potential impact of Lord Woolf's proposals for reform of access to justice (currently under implementation by new Rules of Court) and also of the Lord Chancellor's proposals to end public funding in cases of personal injury in favour of conditional fees arrangements (currently issued as a consultative document) with particular reference to the implications for Expert Witnesses. Discussion expands upon: the role of the Expert; remuneration on a contingent fee basis; a definition of Expert Witness; possible limitation of the number of Expert Witnesses received by a court; scope of the Expert's evidence; and ensuring the reliability of Experts in their fields of expertise.
L Blom-Cooper
1998
The Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA)
Tadeusz Borkowski
2007
The increasing demands for environmental protection in shipping are being recognised by IMO through the development of rules with respect to sulphur and nitrogen oxides. The general IMO procedure was adopted to achieve compliant engine performance with current environmental legislation. The results of an experiment for a wide range of engine load are investigated in terms of cylinder pressure history and NOx emission. The experiment included a numerical simulation carried out with a CFD code - Vectis (Ricardo) where the injection nozzle holes setup was varied to reflect real damage. The CFD Vectis combustion model that incorporates the Zeldovich mechanism of nitric oxide kinetics has been tested for NO emission trends prediction. Finally calculated results of injection variables affecting cylinder process performance and emission were compared to those investigated experimentally. By varying some engine cylinder characteristics concerning fuel injection nozzle failure in the simulation the effect of cylinder attribute on NO emission was estimated.
Tadeusz Borkowski
2007
Ying Hong
2006
The CCS's (China Classification Society) structural design approach 'Guidelines for small waterplane area twin hull craft' was published in 2005. It includes the latest technical standards for both high-speed and low-speed SWATH with large-scale and state-of-the-art ship structural design techniques. Many new concepts of structural rules based on the load criteria system are also included. New features such as the solution for transverse bending moment which is critical for SWATH and direct calculation practice including the FEM methods for global ship models and local fine mesh as well as hot spot based fatigue evaluation are incorporated. The new features for structural approach in these guidelines are listed and then discussed.
Ying Hong
2006