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The success of the emergent shipbuilding nation is to a large extent dependent upon the level of investment and commitment presented by the major classification societies especially in Asia where many yards rely on class to help increase shipyard safety and the quality of their products. The development of class rules design support and ship survey work of course remain key components to the tasks carried out by class in emerging shipbuilding nations but education and training are fast becoming sacrosanct to a shipyard's success.

This paper reviews the present role of classification regarding ship safety and outlines the separate but complimentary rule- making functions of the major classification societies and IMO. It highlights the fact that comprehensive requirements for ship structures and shipboard engineering systems which must be implemented before IMO Convention Load Line Cargo Ship Safety Construction or Passenger Ship Safety Certification can be issued are contained in the classification rules and not in the IMO conventions. The paper poses the possibility of classification by an accredited Society by becoming a statutory requirement by the year 2000.

The modern electric power plant configuration with alternating current technique was introduced into commercial shipbuilding in the early 1980s. It is now of interest to review the development and learn from the experience. Deltamarin's experience in this area is looked at followed by studies for chemical carriers. Next the future is touched upon. After this environmental pressure is discussed. Lastly the impact of emission rules on ship machinery choice is considered.

The topic for consideration by committee IV.2 was design methods looking at the synthesis of the overall design process for marine structures and its integration with production maintenance and repair. Particular attention was given to the roles and requirements of computer-based design and production. In the discussion of the committee's report specific areas are commented upon. These are: a novel design naval ship rules STEP progress faster input to CFD calculations progress with structural calculations production considerations simulation and VR and some offshore comment. The presentation is followed by some floor and written discussions and a reply by the committee.

The core of the 'Design Methods for Offshore Wind Turbines at Exposed Sites' (OWTES) project has been the monitoring of the structural loads and environmental conditions experienced by one of the offshore wind turbines at Blyth in the UK. A brief overview is given of the main conclusions of this project. After some introductory information a look is taken at Blyth offshore monitoring system. Next analysis of measured data is offered. Attention is given to verification of design tools followed by parametric design study review of certification rules and design recommendations.

Developments affecting the use of IAS (International Accounting Standards) are listed. The Standards Interpretation Committee (SIC) of the IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee) has produced an interpretation which is clarification of the treatment of a major inspection and overhaul costs. It has a potential impact on shipping companies in relation to drydocking and special survey costs. Developments and proposals affecting shipping companies include requirements for prior year adjustments impairment of assets measurement of impairment losses determination of value in use and disclosure requirements. Recognition and measurement of financial instruments are discussed. In particular interpretations IAS 16 36 and 39 are discussed.

The hydrodynamics and design of planing hulls used to give high- speed marine craft a dynamic lift are well established. However dynamic instability is still a critical design problem. Longitudinal instability known as porpoising can lead to structural damage because of the loads on the bottom of the hull. A new method has been developed to predict the maximum bottom impact load using a rigid-plastic approach together with dynamic load factor theory. The new approach has been used to evaluate the strength of an existing bottom panel designed according to Lloyds Register's rules for special service craft.

This booklet is derived from one entitles “Effective Mooring” which was originally published by Shell International Marine in 1976 (there is a revised edition published in 1978 in the library). The aim of the booklet was to complement technical publications and rules and regulations with a publication that was deliberately written to communicate effectively with seafarers at all levels. The emphasis in this booklet is on safety. Its intention is that shipboard staff be made more aware of the hazards associated with mooring equipment and mooring operations by having a better understanding of the subject.

Electrical equipment has in many cases to co-exist with highly flammable substances carried by tankers and other ships and also on offshore platforms and rigs. Many techniques have been developed over the years to allow the safe use of such equipment in such environments. This paper looks at some of these principles and outlines their modes of application on UK/European and US influenced offshore applications and of the relevant requirements of LR Rules for Ships.

The implementation of an expert system for aided piloting in a seaport is described. The system is developed for Windows 95 and aims to serve as a simulation and training tool for students and professionals in the field of naval manoeuvres. The prototype development follows the rules of the CommonKADS methodology and enables both knowledge acquisition and the implementation of the expert system. After a brief analysis the design of this system is described covering the expert module the user interface and implementation.

Ice class rules provide a fundamental level of safety for a ship when navigating in ice covered seas. There are a number of different ice classes that exist and the choice of the appropriate one is a complex decision. This paper puts forward the proposal of three principal factors to consider in choosing an ice class - environmental operational and ship design factors. Each factor has a number of issues which are explored and discussed in detail. The paper is intended to provide a better understanding of the factors involved and to enable owners and builders to select an ice class that is suitable for the anticipated operation.

Originally, this book was intended to be a revision of Steamship Accounting, published by Cornell Maritime Press in 1969, which is being marketed around the world; however, it has developed into a completely new book owing to the expansion of the material dealing with new accounting concepts and methods, and to the addition of new material on modern financial management techniques. This book was written to remedy the situation. Technological advances and environmental changes have imposed new accounting rules, financial requirements, and management controls on the shipping industry and its financial executives. Dynamic financial management and its application in the shipping world are reflected in this volume.

The technical and economic feasibility of on-ship (or seabed) supported process plants is discussed with reference to LRS Classification Rules and Regulations; design aspects of the vessel and installation; systems already in opertion (or under construction) for petrochemical processing (two tankers converted for crude oil treatment and storage are described) ammonia and urea production methanol conversion from offshore gas LNG liquefaction electric power generation and desalination; floating and floated-out plant towing and site preparation if necessary; position of plant on the vessel layout ventilation and safety; station keeping mooring and vessel survey maintenance and repair both at sea and in dry dock.

Floating Production Storage and Offloading Units (FPSOs) are integrated production systems which are made up from diverse types of components to enable them to carry out operations. Classification must be able to address a large number of variables including structures/conversions mooring systems process plant safety systems stability and inspection and maintenance on site. Concept Design Appraisal (CDA) Concept Safety Evaluation (CSE) turret mooring systems process plant and flexible riser systems are also discussed.

Marintek's experience from 20 years of research development and testing of 200 high-speed ships is presented. Marintek has played an important role in evaluating and testing concepts and developing operating procedures manoeuvring and control training and development of rules. Using this experience recommendations to owners and builders are presented on how to take advantage of this experience during the development of new ship designs. The importance of identifying requirements and undertaking thorough investigations in the early design stages is stressed.

Investigations on the behaviour of smoke plume have shown that smoke conditions at 10 degrees yaw are likely to cause trouble. Tests including this degree of yaw were carried for various funnel designs including rounded top winged top and shaped projection. Layout of the uptakes within the funnel casing is discussed. Allowable interpenetration and the use of the interpenetration function in funnel design is discussed The application of rules for funnel design outlined in a previous paper is discussed methods for calculating minimum funnel height with a fixed maximum gas speed and calculating minimum gas speed with fixed funnel height being given.

A major conversion is defined as one which substantially alters the dimensions of the carrying capacity of the ship or changes the type of ship or the intent of which substantially prolongs the life of the ship. The way in which Det Norske Veritas applies their rules to major conversions some examples of conversion and the easing of conversion with respect to classification are discussed.

In certain offshore structures horizontal translational dynamic motion predominates and for cases where certain non-routine tasks or skilled operations have to be performed vibration limits should relate levels of structural motion to human comfort and adequate tolerance levels. There appears for this reason to exist a definite need to develop and establish serviceability criteria and design rules to control excessive and objectionable vibrations and deflections. This paper discusses briefly the establishment of basic and clear serviceability criteria to control excessive and objectionable vibrations arising from wind and wave action on offshore structures.

This book covers the stability, trim, construction, tonnage and freeboard of ships, with ship calculations, for the use of ships' officers, superintendents, engineers, draughtsmen and others. Chapters include those on displacement and deadweight, moments, buoyancy, stresses and strains, structure, stability, rolling, ballasting, loading (homogenous cargoes), shifting cargoes and deck cargoes, flooding, sailing and propulsion, trim, tonnage, freeboard (the loadline) and useful tables of calculations and rules.

The continual development of the standards applied in the implementation of the classification process the Rules is based on keeping pace with changes in maritime technology but also reflects experience both of successful application and of failures. There is often criticism that the maritime regulatory process is influenced too strongly by incidents - i.e. that it is reactive rather than preventative. A systems approach to incident analysis is presented as a practical methodology by which the learning potential from incidents can be maximised. Some well-known incidents are re-assessed.