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Against background information on Finish built ships for USSR marine research the Bavenit and Bakerit two recent new buildings from Hollming for geotechnical research are described. Principle particulars scientific equipment power plant intergrated navigation accommodation and computer services discussed.

Design and operation of smaller boilers for low horsepower ships is described Performance data bunker and stack gas analyses are discussed Reheat and non reheat designs are included

Ice manoeuvrability characteristics are presented and compared for those ships fitted with traditional propulsor-rudder arrangements and those fitted with podded propulsors. The comparison covers the whole range of ice thicknesses relevant for ship navigation. The characteristics are obtained by calculations based on an earlier developed numerical model that allow calculation of ice forces and the ice moment applied to a vessel sailing along a curvilinear path.

A review of the various modes of failure affecting ship structures is followed by an outline of the strength criteria which are to be considered at the design stage to ensure the structural reliability of ships. After this a new classification scheme On Line Class based on the application of first engineering principles is presented. Lastly the probabilistic approach is looked at.

A methodology to estimate air pollutant emissions from ships in ports and in transit is described and applied to certain case studies. A schematic representation of ship traffic is presented that divides ship operations into cruising manoeuvring hotelling and loading/offloading. The emissions are estimated from daily fuel consumption time spent in different operations and average pollutant emission factors.

Biological aspects of fouling of ships are reviewed covering the extra-hull marine fouling by sedentary organisms and hard shell species such as calcerous tube-worms oysters and barnacles and hull protection by use of paint providing controlled release of effective poison. The intra hull and spoilage by fungi and bacteria characteristics of micro- organisms and the role of the biologist in fouling-antifouling research equipment-material failure susceptability of new materials monitoring and research are outlined. The control of micro-organisms and limitations of fungicides and biocides are discussed.

Department of Energy and Department of Transport requirements for maintaining suitable temperatures on board platforms and ships are listed. The ways in which this effects air conditioning design are outlined. Particular attention is given to the constraints placed on the design of the air conditioning plant's refrigeration system. The 2 sets of regulations from the DOE and the DTI are compared.

The many uses of compressed air in the offshore industry and on-board ship are discussed. They include: operation of constant tension winches on drill ships; method for unloading dry cement; powering workshop tools; supplies of breathable air for diving etc; operation of automatic and remote control systems; on board sewage treatment; fish handling systems for factory ships; ice control on exposed surfaces; ice softening systems for ice breakers; inflating dunnage bags to shore-up cargos; engine starting systems; merchant ships tend to install many separate compressors for supplying air for different uses naval ships standardise with two or three high pressure compressors to cover air supply for all uses the two systems are compared.

An attempt is made to explain why ships are still being built with low quality initial corrosion protection systems. What can be done to reduce the level of corrosion is discussed covering design considerations selection of corrosion protection system level of workmanship in-service inspection survey by classification societies and product development. The future role of the classification societies within corrosion protection is considered and some thoughts are presented about Det Norske Veritas' possible future involvement and actions.

A method has been developed enabling the underwater geometry of catamarans to be optimized in the sense of minimizing the worst-case frequency-weighted root-mean-square vertical acceleration over the passenger deck so maximizing passenger comfort. After some background information a look is taken at hull parameterizaton followed by calcualation of ship motions optimization and implementation. Lastly the results of a small series of test cases which are analyzed in order to examine the method's validity are considered.

The SeaTrust-Holdan is presented. This is a software package developed specially for the structural strength analysis of bulk carriers double hull oil tankers and container ships. The SeaTrust-Holden is outlined and its implementation is described. It consists of an automatic modeller a finite element solver and a post processor. It has been developed in order to save man-hours and costs in ship structural analysis. This software could be used to prevent human error in idealising the structural model and the modelling time could also be significantly reduced.

This detailed review examines developments in scientific needs and design of oceanographic ships from 1970-1986 with a discussion of future prospects and list of existing vessels. Aspects include - scientific requirements (general purpose marine geology and geophysics fisheries); naval architecture seakeeping manoeuvring noise and vibration; marine engineering propulsion and deck machinery automation and less-common vessel types SWATH wind-powered hovercraft hydrofoil and planing craft.

The committee of Marine Air Pollution MAP was organized at Marine Engineering Society in Japan MESJ with the financial support from the Environment Agency the government of Japan. The aim of this committee is to investigate the influence of air pollutants from ships on environment. This paper introduces the results of recent activity of the committee concerning the amount of NOx emission the problem in measuring the particulate emissions and the analysis of N2O emission from marine diesel engines.

In Australia the concept of the fast cargo ship is a catamaran hull with a capacity of 150 containers or 1500 tonnes speed of 45 knots and range of about 500 miles. In Australia the demand for air freight is growing rapidly. Fast freight services are needed to deliver high value products quickly perishables in good condition and urgent supplies. The potential trades which would justify the extra cost of a fast cargo ship are those which are relatively short and dense. New and exciting cargo ships designs have the potential to transform sea freight services. Cargo loading and discharging range and propulsion crewing and environmental factors are also discussed.