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The importance of electricity in enabling ships to function is often forgotten until the lights go out on board following a failure. However the author is concerned at the perceived lack of a comprehensive awareness to electrical hazards in marine shipping. This perception can be supported by analysing marine technical standards and codes of practice which appear to be less comprehensive than those for land-based installations. To help address this perceived imbalance this paper sets out to get back to basics an describe the electrical hazards that are pertinent to naval marine installations and seeks to provide guidance to marine engineers maintainers and operators. The hazards covered in detail are electric shock arc flash electromagnetic fields electromagnetic forces rupturing radiation and SF6.

Conf held 26-28 April1994 in Gothenburg Sweden. Papers are - EU combined transport policies - will roro shipping be able to take full advantage of EU policy Coastal potential Are roro ferries subsidising lolos? A restructured automotive industry - and its impact on vehicle transportation The inevitable move towards very fast roros The reality of just-in-time - lead times can be reduced by better shipboard and terminal procedures - not just by ship speed Customer service through reliability and speed The extension of EU competition law related to maritime transport and roro to EFTA countries EU and EEA rules on state aids and subsidies affecting new ships and roro operations - recent developments affecting roro ad short sea operators; competition rules applying to ports and new proposals for port state control

The transport of oil by sea remains at a high level and is likely to continue to do so far into the future. Naval architects and marine engineers have a responsibility to ensure that this transport is carried out in such a way as to minimise the risk to the environment and to maximise the benefit to mankind. Several tanker design alternatives are examined together with the restrictions imposed by both US and international legislators. The benefits of double-bottom or double-hull construction are discussed based on an analysis of comprehensive grounding accident data. Measures to limit the outflow of oil in the event of a spill are examined. Among the recommendations made to achieve the goal of safer transportation of oil at sea are: improved officer and crew training; more precise and up-to-date navigation or position-keeping systems; enhanced manoeuvring capability with collision-avoidance sonar; and better shore-based traffic management of tank ships.

Conf held in London May 23 - 27 1977 Papers are Legislating for safety Analysis of world merchant ship losses 1967 - 1975 Structural design - safety and reliability considerations behind the classification society requirements IMCOs activities with particular reference to the impact on ship design Why unsafety at sea Safety art at sea - a problem of risk management New outlooks for guardians of safety - explicit versus implicit risk analysis on classification/ certification Automation and ship safety Stability of ships safety from capsizing and remarks on sub division and freeboard The prevention of cargo fires and explosions in oil tankers Lifeboats survival craft and launching methods Human factors in shiphandling Collision avoidance by manoeuvre The influence of navigational aids on traffic behaviour in converging areas in the entrance/exit of the English Channel Training for safety at sea On ship manoeuvrability and collision avoidance

The British Geographical Survey Marine Operations and Engineering section based in Edinburgh Scotland has developed a sophisticated set of remotely operated seabed coring tools with which to ground truth the sediments and rocks underlying the seafloor of Planet Earth. Operable in water to depths to 4500m these systems which are now used worldwide were intially developed to provide a cost-effective solution to ground truth seismic reflection data for regional geological mapping. In water depths to 2000 metres these tools supplement the information which can be obtained from the more conventional but expensive drill-ships fitted with specialised coring equipment also designed and operated by the same team. Beyond this depth they form part of a small but increasing suite of tools able to collect cores from variable but generally hard seabed materials. this paper describes the tools and their applications in various Oceans of the world.

Conf held in London UK 8-9 April 1992. Papers are - US Coast Guard policy on ship inspections Survival equipment - an overview of latest developments Security and loss prevention New technologies and new concepts in fire protection Training for competency afloat and ashore - time for reappraisal Experience in implementing the ISMA Code of Practice Training manuals and safety procedures Chemical industry standards Auditing chemical industry standards Safer navigation in the 90s - integrated bridge systems Stress monitoring of large vessels Experience in the operation of minimum-manned ships

Podded propulsion is now more widespread in he marine industry particularly in newer cruise ships. This propulsion system has many advantages including increased propulsion efficiency arrangement flexibility payload and harbour manoeuverability. A new unique podded propulsor concept is presented. The concept comprises a ducted multiple blade row propulsor with a PM (permanent magnet) radial field motor rotor mounted on the tips of the propulsor rotor blades and the motor stator mounted within the duct of the propulsor. This concept designated a CDRP (commercial rim-driven propulsor pod) when compared to a conventional HDP (hub-drive pod) offers improved performance in a number of areas including equal or improved efficiency cavitation and hull unsteady pressures. The combination of these CRDP performance parameters allows the ship designer much greater flexibility to provide improved ship performance as compared to that of an HDP. A CRDP is being developed to power a panamax-size cruise vessel. The hydrodynamic performance of that CRDP design is addressed and is demonstrated at 1-25th scale.

The book provides key information on ship design and performance. It is divided into two parts - part 1 illustrates how a ship is designed from limited information supplied from the ship owners to the shipbuilders. The first chapters in this part deal with determining the main dimensions, how group weights are estimated and analysing capacities and hydrostatics for new vessels. Chapters 5 to 8 in this part deal with types of ship resistance, speed and power and chapter 9 examines preliminary design methods for a ship's propeller and rudder. Part 2, the first two chapters give particulars relating to to modern merchant ships and chapters 12 to 16 cover the various ship trials carried out by the ship builder on a newly completed ship. Chapters 17 to 19 explain the problems of ship squat and ship interactions in confined waters. Chapter 20 looks at ship vibration and methods to reduce it. Chapter 21 discusses performance enhancement in ship-handling mechanisms (rudders, retrofits etc.). Chapter 22 considers improvements in propeller performance.

Intl Conf held in London on 29-30 Apr and 1 May 1987 Papers are Assessment of manoeuvering performance One approach to the development and achievement of manoeuvring standards Achievement of ship manoeuvrability - practical uses Results from manoeuvrability tests with models at the Port Revel Centre and some comparisions with mathematical predictions Estimation of ship manoeuvrability using ship trials databases On modular manoeuvring models Ship manoeuvrability analysis using the differential approach A simulation study on ship manoeuvrability at low speeds Ship handling in harbours using real-time simulation Mathematical model for predicting steady turning performance of conventiona l icebreakers in level unbroken ice A preliminary investigation into the forces acting on submerged body appendages Some notes on the rudder derivatives and the representation of the control force in the prediction of ship manoeuvering capabilities Devices improving manoeuvring characteristics of ships

A dry bulk carrier and a containership - taken as typical of ships trading to US ports - are analysed for possible hazards caused by emptying and refilling ballast tanks at sea. Using hydrosystic data furnished by the shipowners hull bending moments and stabilities are investigated to find the tank-emptying operations that produce the greatest changes in those parameters. As should be expected bending moment changes do not exceed allowable stillwater values. Changes in GM are insignificant. The worse hydrostatic cases serve as a guide to conditions that should be analysed in rough water. The University of Michigan SHIPMO program shows that in 10-foot waves significant height wave-induced bending moments and shears are far below the design values published by the ABS. On the other hand in 20-foot waves the maximum wave heights that occur occasionally can cause moments or shears that exceed design values. For the 20-foot case both linear and non-linear versions of SHIPMO are used.

As the ratio of engine weight to total weight is much higher for high speed craft than conventional displacement type ships the propulsion engine of high speed craft needs to be as light and compact as possible. Therefore the weight characteristics of power machines are looked at. First the transportation energy performance is investigated. Next a survey of actual data of diesel engines and a similarity analysis are carried out. Lastly the weight limit required for a high speed craft's engine is estimated using the Karman diagram and the map of engine specific weight.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the prediction of internal loads on liquified natural gas (LNG) tanker ships and on offshore platforms. Use is made of the moving grid approach and a finite volume solution method designed to allow for arbitrary ship motion. The motion of liquid is computed using an interface-capturing scheme which allows overturning and breaking waves. By performing a coupled simulation of the flow and vessel motion it is possible to obtain a realistic response of the liquid in a tank to external excitation e.g. by sea waves. Results are first presented for LNG tanks whose motion is prescribed in accordance with planned laboratory experiments. Both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations are performed.

The potential of Ship Reporting Systems (SRS) to provide mutual help for participating vessels by monitoring their positions at regular intervals for the purpose of rendering speedy assistance in the event of casualty is considered with reference to IMO recommendations for the safety of ships. SINGREP a PC-based computerised SRS established by the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) in support of its search and rescue services is described with attention to: system design; hardware; software; operation; area of coverage bound by neighbouring SRS of Japan India and Australia; types of report (sailing plan position report deviation report final report); modes for the passage of reports (radio telegraphy radio telephony Auto-Radio Telex Services ARTS Inmarsat Telex); and codes for route information.

It is shown that machinery failures are not generally due to metallurgical matters they occur mainly because of operational failure (due to crew ignorance or negligence) or design faults. The author considers incidents of blading damage in steam turbines water box damage in condensers several types of failure in diesel engines cracking and fracture of screwshafts damage to screwshaft liners problems with propellers engine room fires and flooding. It is concluded that serious trouble can arise in quite unexpected parts of marine machinery installations and that in many cases such trouble is caused by carelessness inattention to detail and lack of cleanliness. Much of the damage being suffered in ships is avoidable. An extensive appendix of Merchant Shipping Notices is provided.

Includes chapters on: definition and characteristics of stability, transverse metacentre, calculation of KG (height of centre of gravity above the keel), calculation of KM (distance of the transverse metacentre above the keel) and KB (the height of the centre of buoyancy above the keel), calculation of GM, the inclining experiment, stability at large angles of inclination, free surface, longitudinal stability, trim (definitions, effects of trim, calculation method, problems), hull strength, longitudinal hull strength, applications, shipboard computers and the approved stability booklet, the ship in the damaged condition, practical stability and trim considerations (rolling, ballasting, loading), stability requirements for vessels loading bulk grain and marine disasters (highlighting the 'Normandie', 'Patti-B', 'SS Silver Dove', 'SS Sea Witch', 'SS Esso Brussels', 'SS Edmund Fitzgerald' and 'SS Yellowstone').

Recent progress in arctic technology is summarised including a definition of design ice conditions ice mechanics ice loads and materials. The methods to determine the ice loads on ships and offshore structures are described in detail as well as the path leading to design. The principles of load determination are presented focusing on the mechanics of ice load by describing ice loads in specific ship-ice scenarios. Ice load on offshore structures is considered followed by design methods for offshore structures. It is concluded that no full theory for ice load design appears to exist and that there is a lack of knowledge in the areas of determining local ice pressure and determining of ice load on ship hull in ridged heavy first year ice field.

While noise levels in ships' cabins have been reduced with the advent of inventions such as low-vibration propellers (for example high-skewed propellers) and the development of high-damping panels for walls little has been written on the resilient lining system of a cabin. This is partly because not all the technical problems have been overcome. One of the problems is the difficult in isolating a cabin's ceiling from the ship's structure. To improve the resilient lining system experiments are carried out to obtain the vibration features of a ceiling structure using a cabin model. Results are presented and discussed. It is concluded that the reducible vibration level of a ceiling by a well-designed isolation hanger is at most 12 dB in all frequency ranges.

These instructions are issued by the Marine Directorate of the Department of Transport for the guidance of their marine surveyors in surveying fire protection arrangements for the purpose of ensuring compliance with the various Statutory Instruments covering merchant shipping. They also indicate to shipowners, shipbuilders and others concerned the procedure with the Department adopts for the survey and acceptance of fire appliances and materials used in fire protection. The instructions should be read in conjunction with the instructions issued by the Department relating to life-saving appliances, passenger ships, load-line, navigational and radio equipment an oil pollution prevention.

The purpose of this guide is to place before those serving on ships engaged in the bulk carriage of liquid chemicals and liquefied gases recommendations appertaining to recognising good practice in the promotion of safety of operations, at sea and in port. The guide deals primarily with operational matters. Sections in Volume 1 cover use of cargo information, overall precautions, fire hazards and precautions, handling of cargo and ballast, gas-freeing and tank cleaning, work in enclosed spaces, liquefied gases, corrosive liquids, health hazards and precautions, chemical reactivity hazard and precaution, static electricity, fire fighting and life saving. The index and supplementary index of chemicals at the back refer to data sheets which are held in Volumes 2 to 4.

Int Conf held in Copenhagen in 1976 Papers are Tank testing of supply ships Aspects of safety on offshore craft Controllable pitch propellers in offshore industry Anchoring anchor handling and towing Winchester for offshore industry The twin hull vessel - its development its future Fast disposal of sewage at sea Some comments on the offshore industry with respect to the supply vessel designer Developments of a supply vessel for Arctic oil operations Aluminium alloys for working boats Oil pollution control techniques offshore Market and marketing research for offshore craft equipment suppliers The effect of changes in ship dimensions and layout on the stability of supply The drillship Developments of the offshore towing vessel The role of the specialist port vessel Package deal machinery Prestressed concrete carriers for marine transport and storage The development of the continuous armoured flexible submarine pipeline for offshore oil/water transportation Gas turbine propulsion systems in crew boat applications Factors affecting confidence in the offshore industry and the implications for support vessel and rig charter rates Financing the acquisition of vessels and marine equipment through the device of leasing