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ARTICLES Turgeon, Laurier. "Bordeaux and the Newfoundland Trade during the Sixteenth Century" IX, 2, 1-28 Appleby, John C. "A 'Voyage to Greenland for the Catching of Whales:' English Whaling Enterprise in the Seventeenth Century" IX, 2, 29-49 Wake, Christopher. "The Great Ocean-going Ships of Southern China in the Age of Chinese Maritime Voyaging to India, Twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries" IX, 2, 51-81 Barzman, John. "Port Labour Relations in Le Havre, 1928-1947" IX, 2, 83-106 Kardassis, Vassilis. "Greek Steam Liner Companies, 1858-1914" IX, 2, 107-127 Robinson, Robb. "The Evolution of Some Key Elements of British Fisheries Policy" IX, 2, 129-150 RESEARCH NOTES Kinloch, Janet. "The Working Conditions of Scottish East-Coast Seamen, 1685-1770" IX, 2, 151-165

The need for ships crew to be aware of any dangers inherent in their cargo is illustrated with reference to an incident concerning the Asian Gem while carrying powdered zinc dross. Relevant internationally recognised codes for classifying dangerous goods include "The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code" (IMDG) and "The IMO Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes" (The IMO Bulk Cargo Code) which includes a section for Materials Hazardous in Bulk (MHB). The IMDG classes of dangerous materials are described with critical comment and relevant examples and include: Class 1 explosives; Class 2 gases (subdivided as flammable and compressed and/or refrigerated compressed but not flammable and toxic); Class 3 flammable liquids (subdivided according to flash point); Class 4 solids (subdivided as flammable or combustible spontaneous combustion and materials dangerous when wet; and Class 5 oxidising substances and organic peroxides. The importance of correct declaration and information on the cargo and the choice of suitable conditions stowage packaging and segregation is emphasised.

Intl congress held on the 10-14 Sept 1979 Papers are Modern systems of port traffic control VHF on-shore direction finders for controlling marine traffic. Strategies for marine traffic. The application of the point of possible collision to the analysis of unusual encounters. Secondary radar for sea traffic control. A contribution to collision avoidance Hidden limits to collision avoidance automation. Recent technical improvements in maritime traffic surveillance and their operational effects future prospects The ergonomic problems of area navigation Man aircraft and navigation systems; an evaluation for the 80's Navigation procedures to reduce aircraft noise The economics of air traffic control Automation and air traffic control ATC separation standards The optimization of air traffic control techniques and the problems of operation capacity Man's role in the automation of avaition; all weather landing systems Requirements for short instrument runways The social cost of marine accidents and marine traffic management systems Shipping and the environment; the need for control The future of commercial sailing ships Automation of DMA nautical information products The defence mapping agency and the navigator

Contains tables that are intended to be used in the design of ship structure where the plate is considered acting as one of the flanges of the attached member. Part 1 covers stiffener and plate combinations using commercially available shapes. Part 2 covers combinations using flanged plates whose dimensions are beyond those of commercially available angles and channels. The information was developed primarily for the use of the shipbuilding industry but is of value to the structural industry as a whole, when it is desired to take advantage of the weight-saving which results from the elimination of the faying flanges of stiffening members by the welding of webs directly to plating.

Contents: Muck Raker - David Celmentson; 'For Every Craft of every draft - the Hotchkiss Cone Propellor' - David Wheeler; ' The Port of Peterstone' Colin Green; 'Matelot Memories - Cyril Tawney and the Folkelore of the Lower Deck' Martin Hazell; 'After the affray - a curious sequence of events' Peter Marden; 'The Bishop Rock Mystery of 1889' Richard Larn; ' Lieutenant John Yule, RN & midshipman John Carslake RN' Peter Yule-Booth; ' Three transatlantic journeys' Marion Hardy; ' The Transport of timber built ships and "hearts of oak" the great prejudice' Mike Baker; 'Oranges and Lemons the rise and fall of West country shipping involvement in the fruit trade' Geoffrey Doye; 'Chancellor's work appeals as much to the emotions as to the intellect' Sharon Davidson; 'The coastal trade of the ketch Millbay 1902-1944' Lulu Chesnutt; Index of contents of previous journals and maritime monographs

Int conf held in Wellington New Zealand on 6-7 Nov 1989 Papers are Marine technology - growth or despair? The development of packaging storing and transportation systems for refrigerated produce from New Zealand during the past 100 years Classification society certificates their function and effect Adapting to change Application of integrated logisitic support Quality assurance and the NZ ship repair industry Reduction method of propeller shaft vibration of ships International maritime regulations - participation and enforcement The reduction of ship motions - a historical overview Logistic support for the Royal New Zealand Navy Automatic testing in the RNZN and RAN Quality assurance and motivational matters in the New Zealand shipping industry Preliminary design of trawlers using a compromise design support problem technique A change in management to manage change Gearing up the New Zealand industry to meet the challenge of the Anzac frigate programme Schilling rudder systems

The maintenance of the ship's propulsion system is conceived from the maintenance plan based on the information given by the producers. The maintenance concept by time is not the most efficient way of maintenance. A series of unplanned (accidental) failures of the propulsion system which happen during operation proves that it is necessary to combine some other maintenance approaches. The most reliable method for designing maintenance is inspecting the condition of the proper equipment during operation and this is achieved by registering the failures their causes and the conditions under which they happen. A method is presented for the adjustment and design of the ship propulsion system maintenance concept MA-CAD (maintenance concept adjustment and design) which provides the required level of security and the lowest costs in the life cycle. The method begins from an installed component to the risk analysis namely from the failure mode to the maintenance concept. Equipment identification is carried out through functional decomposition. The ship decomposed into units and further to the level of installed components that are classified as the type item of a component.

Survivability is of paramount importance to the RN. The government's military policy is one of expeditionary warfare to act as a force for good in the world. Within the joint force the RN is responsible for the safe passage of the majority of the men and material required for missions abroard as well as protecting itself as it provides power projection or deterrence from its ships and boats. The government's ambition for assured access to any theatre of operations requires a force that is inherently survivable. The challenge for procurement is to provide the maximum possible survivability within an inevitable restricted budget. Advice on how best to do this requires that all aspects of survivability should be considered together in a uniform and coherent manner. For this reason the MoD is developing the analytical tools and methods to do so. Susceptibility vulnerability and recoverability - the constituent parts of survivability - will be integrated in one modelling tool: the Maritime Integrated Survivability SimulatION-MISSION.

The history of chemical tanker design operation and regulation is traced from the 1971 Lloyds Rules to-date with particular discussion of: the increasing awareness of environmental and health hazards in the marine transport of bulk liquid chemicals; the development of safe standards and practices; the essential principles of cargo containment and damage survivability; and the methodologies of containment required by the IMO International Bulk Chemical Code (IBC Code incorporated in SOLAS 74). Illustrative examples are used to describe the design characteristics of modern chemical tankers particularly: chip arrangements; hazardous locations and their protection; cargo tank types; cargo handling systems; environmental control systems; cargo control systems; fire safety; hull structure and materials. Retrofit operational safeguards and regulatory compliance are also considered.

The book gives an outline of the theory and development of gas turbines. It briefly describes the history and development of various gas turbine types and then deals with questions of comparison, thermodynamics and efficiency as between gas and steam turbines, diesel engines etc. Later chapters discuss closed-cycle gas turbines, exhaust gas turbines for supercharging engines, aircraft application, performance and the conditions governing the selection of turbine materials.

Conf held March 1990 London Papers are - Ship of the future - the BCV 300 Criteria for the shipowner in choosing main and auxiliary machinery Liner wear and fuel particle concentration; some shipboard measurements Some insights into shipboard fuel system performance Lubricating oil analysis as an indictor of machinery health Dual-mode fluid controlled fuel injection system for diesel engines Turbocharger design for ease of servicing The CNC ship Machinery analysis and diagnosis by PC The shipowner and the environment; Seafox Research for more efficient operation The advantages of refurbishment re-engining and retro fitting An analysis of 35 years of Pielstick engines and some new developments The effects of wake interference on design criteria for triple-screw ships Designing for service The safety design concept The MC engines of MAN B&W Diesel entering the 90's Mitsubishi UE diesel engines in the 1990s Sulzer RTA84C - the modern containership engine

The book covers the characteristics of the motorship and problems encountered in them. The subject is considered under four headings: construction, arrangement, evolution and operation. Construction deals with the ships engines, hot bulb engines and gas engines for marine use. Arrangement covers the ship's auxiliary machinery and its space arrangement. Evolution deals with indirect or transmitted drive and still oil engines. Operation deals with different types of motorship - passenger- and cargo-carrying motorships, motor and vehicular ferries and motorship fuels.

Over the last few decades in the context of ship structural design many studies on the optimum design of ships structure have been carried out. However most of these studies were concerned with the minimisation of a single object function with structural weight or construction cost. To achieve a more economic design it is necessary to use the concept of multi-object optimization which can produce more reasonable structural design results to satisfy both the minimum structural weight and the minimum construction cost at the same time. Since the adjustments take a considerable portion of the block assembly it is also necessary to take into account the cost for this adjusting work and find a more reasonable cost model in the optimisation procedure. This paper is concerned with the optimum design of panel blocks found in a ship structure. In this study a multi-objective optimisation procedure has been developed based on the genetic algorithm to obtain the design result that satisfies both minimum weight and minimum cost. The distance method

NARIDAS (navigational risk detection and assessment system) is a novel approach to a task-orientated integration and assessment of nautical data on the ship's bridge. Based on about 100 physical and technical input parameters of the navigation process NARIDAS performs an online calculation of the current situation's navigational risk on eight dimensions. With a bar chart of the eight risk values NARIDAS provides a comprehensive overview of the current risks to support situation awareness of the bridge team. The focus of this paper is the evaluation of NARIDAS during the development process. Evaluation is carried out with practitioners and nautical experts and addresses three levels: (1) risk model validity; (2) design of graphical user interface; (3) system effectiveness. Two evaluation studies were carried out. The first was undertaken with a static functional prototype addressing levels (1) and (2). In the second a fully functioning prototype was implemented in a ship-handling simulator to investigate level (3). Positive results were obtained on all three levels indicating that NARIDAS provides a valid model for the situational risks of ship navigation and a promising tool for enhancing situational risk awareness of the bridge team.

Conf held 20-21 November 1990 in London Papers are The role of the naval architect A structured approach to warship design The missile trials craft "Verifier" The problems of misalignment and flexure and how the weapon designer may overcome them The effect of cumulative alignment errors on overall combat system performance and proposals for their reduction Matching warships and sailors Improvement of destroyer performance through optimised seakeeping design Design techniques to upgrade the combat system effectiveness of the FFg-7 class frigate Integrated communication systems for capital ships Mutual interference and its role in warship combat system design Ship integration concept of a very short range air defence system Offboard command casualty launch The role of vulnerability assessments in warship design Design techniques used to optimise the combat system effectiveness of the T23 frigate VOLUME 1 CONTAINS ABOVE PAPERS - VOLUME 2 CONTAINS DISCUSSIONS

Proceedings of Conf held 2-3 December 1991 in London Papers are The computer aided operation of warships The information technology environment of warships Soviet naval concepts - tactical A structured systems engineering process model Electronics integration in RDN ships Information management infrastructure for an integrated combat suite architecture Technology advancements can provide a new lease of life for Knox Class frigates The future of ILS - toiling or toils Zero contention slotted ring - a revolutionary application of fibre optic technology to warships The French instrumentation ship `Monge' Project Bookworm - onboard computerised technical documentation system Design of advanced steering control systems FFG-7 combat system architecture derivation based on information technology advances Automation of the warships platform

Various synthetic chemicals commonly known as ODSs (ozone-depleting substances) have been implicated in the destruction of the Earth's protective stratospheric ozone layer. As a result of international treaty and US legislation the domestic production of the most powerful ODSs (Halons and CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)) has permanently ceased. Many of these ODSs however are refrigerants solvents and fire-fighting agents that have been playing critical roles in daily ship operations. The Navy's original strategy of conserving ODSs converting systems and processes where feasible relying on strategic reserves where necessary and developing 'ozone-friendly' equipment for new-design surface ships and submarines is succeeding. The Navy's efforts to date concerning maintaining the smooth uninterrupted operation of the Fleet under the threats posed by the cessation of ODS production are documented. In particular the Navy's shipboard conversion programs for AC and R (air-conditioning and refrigeration) systems the development of next-generation AC and R systems the selection of Halon substitutes for new-construction fire-fighting systems and the Navy's alternative to CFC-113 in the cleaning of critical oxygen systems.

Extensive practical experience and research into the theory of tank design and construction has been assessed in support of proposals to increase the operational frame of the fully refrigerated gas carrier and promote cost effective construction by building special LPG tankers for extended flexibility. Discussions examine: market conditions and trading patterns for cargoes (LPG NH3 VCM NGL ethane ethylene naphtha) shipbuilding of fully refrigerated gas carriers with prismatic tanks and international rules pertinent to extended use of gas carriers); the design and classification of independent tanks (Types A B and C) according to the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code); the selection of ship type (standard fully refrigerated tanker special fully refrigerated tanker and semi-refrigerated tanker); and a modern ship concept for large fully refrigerated vessels including technical aspects and cost structures for building and operation

Azimuth thrusters are becoming increasingly common as propulsion units on diesel-electric powered OSVs and PSVs. Besides the conventional mechanical geared 'Z-drives' Pod systems of smaller size are starting to penetrate the market. Both systems have their pros and cons in respect of size space requirements initial costs and running costs for the operator. Since Pod drives were used on smaller ships and OSVs the idea arose of using the advantages of both the mechanical azimuth thrusters and the Pod drive systems by combining them into one new drive. This resulted in the Combi-Drive which combines the geared propeller shaft and vertically arranged electric motor inside the thrusters. The new system is explained in detail. Comparisons between the mechanical Z-drives and the Pods are made. Different sealing systems on the propeller shaft are highlighted which are always one of the main points of attention for operators using azimuthing drives. A comparison of different propeller concepts for OSVs has also been made.

Chapter III of the SOLAS Convention 'Life-Saving appliances and arrangements' has recently been revised. In particular Regulations 34 of the new chapter makes the new International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code mandatory on 1 July 1998. This code consists of seven chapters covering definitions personal life-saving appliances visual signals survival craft rescue boats launching and embarkation appliances and other life-saving appliances. Other recent SOLAS changes are also discussed including the 1995 conference on the safety of roll-on/roll-off passenger ships and voyage data recorders. A summary of the new SOLAS Chapter III is given in an Annex.