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In order that oil tankers be more environmentally friendly throughout their lifecycle IMO has set down a condition assessment scheme for single hull tankers which involves huge amounts of measurement information. Carrying out these inspections efficiently requires processing measurement information on a real time basis resulting in cost savings because fast assessment of the ship condition and decision-making could be done while the ship is still in dock for maintenance. Currently because there is no standardisation of data the information is recorded manually on ship drawings or tables which are very difficult to handle. The information takes a long time to report and to analyse. A system is presented which is being developed within the European project 'CAS'. This project addresses these issues. The system is applicable to any ship type and includes such innovative features as development of a simplified and flexible ship electronic model which can be refined to fit the needs of inspections addition of measurement information in this ship model integration of robotics easy handling of measurement information using virtual reality immediate worldwide access. Systematic comparison and consistency checks of measurement campaigns will trigger electronic alerts. Repair decisions and residual lifetime of the structure will be calculated with modern methods of risk-based maintenance modelling.

Conf was held on Feburary 1977 in Gothenburg Sweden Papers are Acccommodation and workspace design checklist for use by naval architects Human factors integrated technology for the total ship planning and aquisition cycle Application of human engineering research to ship operation Two studies for optimising operating bridges and their application in inland and sea navigation Ship handling and reliability Human factors and dispersed automation on board ships The navigator ship handling in rough weather and hull surveillance systems Human factors in the development of a standarised bridge for the US merchant marine Evaluation of bridge layout by means of a mock-up Ships bridge and wheelhouse ergonomics design study An experimental evaluation of a "one-man-control" bridge layout Functional bridge design Case study in superstructure design Design of hospital rooms and sick bays on ships Simulation studies on evacuation times of passengers and crew on board ship Psychology and simulation in the application to ships radar Behaviour of navigators in critical traffic situations CAORF simulation-based human factors research in ship navigation and control Evaluation of an automatic marine radar plotter Human factors aspects of ship handling Simulation studies of manual control of ships in low speed offshore operations Difficulties in ship manoeuvering work and strain experience by ship handlers Pilot decision making while manoeuvering ships in confined waters

Traditionally when designing a ship the driving issues are seen to be powering stability strength and seakeeping. Issues related to ship operations and evolutions are investigated later in the design process within the constraint of a fixed layout. This can result in operational inefficiencies and limitations excessive crew numbers and potentially hazardous situations. A project is presented which has been undertaken to integrate the simulation of personnel movement into early stage ship design. This allows the assessment of onboard operations while the design is still amenable to change. MaritimeEXODUS (personnel movement simulation software) and SURFCON implementation of the Design Building Block approach to early stage ship design are brought together. Central to the success of this project is the definition of a suitable series of Naval Combatant Human Performance Metrics which can be used to assess the performance of the design in different operational scenarios. The progress is outlined that is made on deriving the human performance metric from HF (human factors) criteria measured in simulations and their incorporation into a Behavioural Matrix for analysis. The production of a series of SURFCON ship designs based on the RN Type 22 Batch 3 frigate is described together with their analysis using the PARAMARINE and maritimeEXODUS software. Conclusions to date are presented on the integration of personnel movement simulation into the preliminary ship design process.

One possible approach to ship waste volume and cost quantification is presented - the development of a computer model to derive estimates by the use of expected fleet structure operations waste generation rates regional waste disposal costs and other variables. The importance and application of this approach to new ship design ship waste technology research and development and creation or assessment of ship and port regulatory mechanisms are also considered.

This paper will describe how Human Systems Integration (HSI) objectives can be achieved by the creation and use of first principle physics models of the ship Hull Mechanical & Electrical (HM&E) systems throughout the ship "spiral" design process. This paper describes an improved ship design process called a Transformational Ship Design Continuum (TSDC) that uses first principle physics models that when executed at system and total ship levels will provide the human and system metrics required to verify at each design phase that HSI objectives are incorporated into the total ship "system of systems". These models will be re-used in the commissioned ship for embedded training performance and decision aids distance support and future modernization.

The task of acoustic design of ship structures is to control noise and vibration at the earliest stage possible. The ship structure should have an architectural design separating sources of noise and vibrations. The ship structure elements should be designed so that their inherent acoustic and vibration characteristics vibrational excitability vibrational conduction sound-emissive ability and soundproofing are as good as possible. Lastly the ship structure should be designed so that the means of noise and vibration control installed on it can produce the maximum effect.

The underlying philosophy and characteristics of blackboard systems (BBS) their potential areas for application and their contribution towards enhancing the ship design process are dealt with. Firstly blackboard systems are described including their components characteristics and control shells. Next application to ship design is considered. After this a ship design blackboard system is discussed covering the blackboard prototype lines development resistance structures stability and decision support.

In 1993 IMO's resolution No.A.751 on ship manoeuvrability was adopted. Sea trial data carried out in Korean ship yards was collected and analyzed based on the Interim Standards for Ship Manoeuvrability (1993) and the Explanatory Notes to the Standards (1994). The analysis of the data base showed that the criteria in the standards are not so strict for ships built during the last few years. Some suggestions are made arising from the analysis of the data base and the application of the criteria.

Contributions of the Generic Management System (GMS) approach to ship technology are dealt with. After some introductory information an attempt is made to explain the absolute and non absolute situations in ship technology. Next management system and its role are examined. The GMS framework is presented followed by consideration on the use of GMS in the ship's life cycle. Two illustrative examples are given which address ship preliminary design and ship safety. Lastly there is discussion covering the need for a formalised approach developing a systematic thinking habit methodology for treating non absolute issues and scope for other areas of application.

A world-wide competition called Futuristic Ship Design for Short Sea Shipping was announced by Hamburg Messe. This aimed to motivate universities to provide unconventional or futuristic ship designs suitable for "Short Sea Shipping" (using sea transport rather than onshore road transport wherever economically possible) and allowing the quickest possible cargo transfer from road and rail to ship and vice versa. The three winning designs - a SWATH multipurpose container carrier a roro SWATH ferry and a hatchcoverless container feeder vessel - are described.

Current problems identified in estimating ships' safety during the design phase are discussed and an integrated ship safety estimation method is presented. The method includes key definitions of the ship and its environment and consideration of the major hazards likely to face a ship including human casualties systems failures and pollution. Risk assessments for stability both before and after damage and survivability are also included.

One aspect in seagoing ship safety analysis is the SOP (ship operation process) or the process of change of a ship's state during its voyage. The process of the ship operational phases changing is defined and its semi-Markov model is constructed. From the model its essential characteristics are calculated. Next the conditional processes of the ship operational states changing in the phases are constructed and their characteristics are determined. The superposition of these models is made and a general model of the process is built.

Various Reliability Availability and Maintainability (RAM) database applications are discussed briefly along with selected cooperative programs for data sharing. Next the use of RAM data in the US navy is studied. Then the Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS) strategy and its introduction into the shipping and shipbuilding industries is considered. Lastly the Ship Operations Cooperative Program (SOCP) is described including the creation of a ship network for global ship RAM data interchange.

Computer aided design systems for ship pipeline system design are looked at covering the system HICCAS-P and the system TRIBON. Integrated programme package supporting design construction and calculations of ship pipeline systems are considered including the programme INSTALACJE and the basics of integrated programme package to calculate flow resistances. Examples of resistance calculations based on data delivered from system TRIBON are given.

The management of ship safety is based on an estimation of navigational risk. This is calculated as a combination of the probability of an accident and its consequence. The risk is applied as a safety measure. The application of risk estimation methods allows the safety level to be determined quantitatively. Mainly it is used to support the marine engineering decision process. The methods of estimating ship safety using proper criteria measures and rates are presented. These allow the safety level to be estimated quantitatively. These methods are used to solve many marine problems. An example is presented.

It has been suggested in the past that the training available in ship handling techniques is ambiguous and that its effectiveness is not always clear. Researchers in Japan have proposed that ship handling can be viewed as a set of elemental techniques a concept that they have verified experimentally. These techniques can then be used as a basis for evaluating future training. An education and training curricula based on these techniques and employing a ship handling simulator is proposed for cadets officers captains and pilots. The curricula has been successfully tried out by four students from Tayoma National College of Maritime Technology in Japan.

The subject of Engineering Economics and Ship Design has been treated in a general way as the intention is not to include any extensive coverage of formal economics or detailed ship design, but to show how the two are related. The primary purpose of the book is not to assist decisions about whether to build, when to build or where to build, but rather what to build. The report is divided into three parts: The supply and demand for marine transport and the economic environment within which marine transport operates, The detailed mechanics of making engineering economy calculations and Application of the principles to ship design (which also looks at alternative ship designs and propulsion systems, the optimal ship and a systems approach to design).

This book comprises a series of essays on seamanship topics which should be of interest to mariners in general and master mariners in particular. The book opens, following some introductory remarks, with a discussion of the application of mechanics to seamanship, particularly that part of seamanship concerned with the stability of the ship. So important is this in the operation of a ship that no effort should be spared in mastering its principles. The other chapters that follow comprise of the following subjects: The ship’s equipment; The principles of ship handling; Anchor work; Handling a ship in harbour or port; The ship at sea; Assisting another vessel in need of aid; The ship in rough seas; Fires on ships; Collisions; Dry-docking and grounding; Abandoning ship and survival in boats.

The study presents a non-linear formulation designed to be implemented for the determination of a ship's complementary stability characteristics: through mechanisms of a specifically dynamic nature which are not taken into account in the existing IMO static stability criteria. The scheme comprises a treatment applicable to random seas, based on recent advances in this field. It looks at heeling moments and parametric excitations, the amplitude of the random and regular roll motion, stability considerations/capsize criteria, application and model experiments and the inclusion of sway and sub-harmonics.

Paper from the Dutch 'Post Bachelor Master Mariner Course'. The paper has particular relevance to: container feeders, container ships, ro-ro ferries, chemical tankers, VLCC's (Very Large Crude Carriers) and bulk carriers. The purpose of the presentation of the paper is to: raise awareness for banning out GT (gross tonnage) as base for tariffs and legislation, raise the understanding that GT has not any specific value, bring up the logic that port dues should be based on what facilities the port is serving and not be related to assumed ship operators earnings.