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Formerly 'Muckle's Naval Architecture for Marine Designers' The fundamental characteristics of a ship's design and how they affect its behaviour at sea are of great importance to a variety of different people, including naval architects and marine engineers. The book gives a clear and concise introduction to the subject. Chapters comprise of: Definition and regulation (hull form, displacement, freeboard and load lines, IMO and classification societies), Ship form calculations (rules), Flotation and stability (equilibrium, transverse metacentre, longitudinal stability, statical stability, dynamical stability), The environment (water, wind, waves, extremes, marine pollution), Seakeeping (ship motions, stabilisation), Strength (stresses, forces on a ship, fatigue, superstructures, structural elements, transverse strength, finite element analysis, structural safety), Resistance (fluid flow, the Froude notation, wave-making resistance, frictional resistance, roughness, model and full-scale tests), Propulsion (the screw propeller, torque, ship trails, main machinery power), Manoeuvring (turning circle, zig-zag, spiral, rudder, submarines), Vibration, noise and shock (damping, disturbing forces, beam flexing), Ship design (design features, efficiency, safety, design process, merchant ships, bulk cargo carriers, passenger ships, tugs, high-speed craft, warships, submarines).

Lightweight high-speed craft are not passenger ships in the conventional sense and the Code of Safety for Dynamically Supported Craft (DSC code) resulted to enable administrations to approve of these novel craft. IMO encouraged governments to adopt the code but neither the UK nor Hong Kong has done so. This paper studies the legal problems associated with the application of conventional passenger ship regulations to high-speed craft and the reasons why many countries have been reluctant to legislate for the code. It speculates on the likely response to the revised code for high-speed craft and gives opinions on the legal and insurance implications of not keeping the rules of novel craft abreast of their designers.

There are situations where a marine structure is subjected to stress cycles of such large magnitude that small but significant parts of the structural component in question experience cyclic plasticity. Welded joints are particularly vulnerable because of high local stress concentrations. Fatigue caused by oscillating strain in the plastic range is called 'low cycle fatigue'. Cycles to failure are typically below 104. Traditional welded joint S-N curves do not describe the fatigue strength in the low cycle region (< 104 number of cycles). Typical Class Society Rules do not directly address the low cycle fatigue problem. A literature review of material behaviour and strength of marine steels is first presented. Characteristic parameter values of cyclic stress-strain curve and strain-life curve are established based on the literature study experimental testing and non-linear FEA. An S-N curve is then proposed in order to define the fatigue strength in the low-cycle regime. Finally a fatigue damage calculation method is developed based on a hot spot stress approach.

As easily accessible energy resources diminish the search for oil and gas is shifting to more technically challenging areas. The most prominent amongst these new areas are deeper waters of the ocean and ice-covered areas. There is now serious interest in the High Arctic and other areas offshore with even more severe climates. Several drilling projects have been proposed and despite the general reduction of ice cover in the Arctic designers face many challenges in designing offshore structures that strike the right balance between safety and economy. For example the climatic data that designers require are sparse and uncertain. This paper presents a Classification Society perspective on the challenges faced by both designers and operators of offshore installations in the Arctic. The work ABS is undertaking often in cooperation with others in the industry in developing technology tools rules and guides is described. Also discussed how risk methods can assist in the task of assessing structures that are novel

Symp held in Italy 14 - 18 Nov 1960 Papers are Economic analysis of nuclear shipping Marine nuclear propulsion - economics in perspective Some aspects of the propulsion economics in maritime and continental transport in Yugoslavia ENEA survey of nuclear ship propulsion activities in Western Europe Survey of Japanese activities in nuclear propulsion New regulations and recommendations applicable to nuclear powered merchant ships Testing experience with the NS Savannah Some safety considerations of nuclear propulsion plants in ships Safety of nuclear ships Classification standards for nuclear powered ships Evaluation of rules and regulations for nuclear ships Port entry control and safety assessment provisions of the 1960 SOLAS Convention as applied to the NS Savannah Some safety problems in the Fiat Ansaldo nuclear ship study Method of safety analysis of a steam cooled marine reactor Safety aspects of the marine advanced gas cooled reactor Nuclear safety considerations affecting the design of the maritime gas cooled reactor

The need to consider the system as a whole in order to achieve successful system integration is discussed. Process modelling is the creation of a virtual prototype; an electronic model of the design based on the physical properties of the system and a set of rules to govern loads moving through the system. The models can incorporate equipment and operator availability as well as modelling complex mechanisms. The virtual prototype can be used via an electronic link to test the control system. The key design driver for optimising onboard logistics has been the desire to reduce manning levels. It is shown by way of a CVF example how automation and modern simulation tools are used to produce a concept design solution.

Following the introduction of podded propulsors into the marine industry the market demanded a rapid increase in size of the units from a few megawatts to in excess of 20MW. Such an increase led Lloyd's Register to undertake a major research programme into the loadings experienced by these propulsors and the way in which they are reacted by the individual components. In addition much emphasis was given to the practical problems of achieving the design intent both at the time of building and subsequently through life. The results of this work were used to update the Rules and in developing a system of survey procedures which embraced the practical problems of initial manufacture and assembly as well as dry-docking maintenance activities. This paper summarises much of this work.

World wide there is increasing interest in using ships of opportunity (SOOs) to acquire oceanographic data. New technologies mean that data for a wide range of parameters can be reliably measured and the data sent ashore in real time for analysis and assimilation into models. Commercial ships running regular routes provide data well suited to the validation of models. As they run year round they provide unaliased obersvations of seasonal changes. The scale of the operation can vary from global transporters to short ferry crossings. The EU ferryBox project has established "ground rules" for the development of new ventures. These will help to assure data quality and assist data management. The EU project CarboOcean and operations sponsored by the IOC are establishing global coverage for measurements using SOOs. The route operated by NOC between Portsmouth and Bilbao since April 2002 has already provided valuable information on water flow from the Bay of Biscay into the English Channel a new method for assessing plankton production and clear evidence for inter-annual variation in the supply of nutrients fuelling plankton production.

The committee gives an overview about new developments in the field of ship and offshore materials and fabrication techniques with focus on trends which are highly relevant for practical applications in the industry in recent and coming years. Particular emphasis is given to the impact of welding and corrosion protection techniques on structural performance on the development of lighter structures and on computer and IT technologies and tools which are meant to link design and production tools and to support efficient production. Chapter 1 acts as an introduction. Chapter 2 reviews general situations of the research works. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of welding towards the structural performance. Chapter 4 describes latest development of new materials and lightweighting in shipbuilding. Chapter 5 focuses on effective means to cope with the stricter corrosion protection rules in terms of materials coating systems and application. Chapter 6 summarizes recent developments in computer applications in terms of cost estimation accuracy management and simulation based design. Chapter 7 gives conclusions and recommendations.

A test program on short thin-walled I-sections in combined compression and major axis bending is presented. The experimental program aims to determine the section capacity for two different I-sections when subjected to compression and major axis bending. The program includes pure compression and pure bending tests as well as tests with varying ratios of axial-force to end moment for each cross-section. Firstly a look is taken at the test specimens followed by the test rig. Next the test results are given. Lastly design rules are considered.

The process of ship construction has undergone rapid changes throughout the latter half of the twentieth century. The decline of the traditional slipway building berths and the introduction of dedicated newbuilding dry docks in purposely redeveloped or completely new shipyards has revolutionised the shipbuilding industry. This paper provides a general overview of some current shipyard practices and ways in which the attending Surveyor can ensure compliance with the applicable Rules and Regulations. The introduction of ShipRight procedures specifically that of Construction Monitoring and its impact on the work practices of the Surveyor are also discussed.

The construction of replica or near replica versions of traditional sailing craft has become quite popular in the seacoast areas of the USA as private groups and local state and federal governments realise the historical importance of their maritime heritage. Formerly these vessels were generally used as static floating exhibits. Now increasingly the vessel's sponsors require that first the craft's appearance and function be traditional and second that it must be capable of being certified by the USCG (Coast Guard) for either the carriage of passengers or for some form of sail training. There are quite a few significant although not insurmountable challenges involved in reconciling the appearance and functionality aspects of a vessel with the various regulatory requirements imposed. One area is focused upon here - the design of the vessel's rig. The GL (Germanischer Lloyd) rules are considered. While it is a relatively simple structural calculation to assign loads and their location and direction to an individual part of a rig

In the frame of the harmonization of the European design rules in the Eurocodes a new approach the Annex C of Eurocode 3 Part 2 has been developed. The Annex C concept for Eurocode 3 Part 2 is a fracture mechanic based concept for the choice of steel material to avoid brittle fracture. First some background information is given. Next the safety concept of the Eurocodes is considered. After this a look is taken at Annex C of Eurocode 3 Part 2. Lastly tables for the choice of steel material are explained.

Full scale measurements of cargo acceleration were carried out on three specially instrumented Dock Express Heavy lift ships during two years commercial trading on Japan-Middle East routes in many sea conditions. Extensive long and short term statistical analysis of the results are compared with predictions made by commonly used theoretical design methods (including `rules of thumb' DnV RP 2-design diagrams response calculation from model tests and the LONGEX wavescatter programme). A design method based on measure acceleration climate of a given trade ro route is proposed.

Safety assessment based on conventional methods such as probability risk assessment (PRA) may not be well suited for dealing with innovative systems having a high level of uncertainty particularly in the feasibility and concept design stages of a maritime engineering system. By contrast safety models using fuzzy logic approaches employing fuzzy IF-THEN rules can model the qualitative aspects of human knowledge and reasoning processes without employing precise quantitative analyses. Fuzzy-logic-based approaches may be more appropriately used to carry out risk analysis in the initial design stages of large maritime engineering systems. This provides a tool for working directly with the linguistic terms commonly used in carrying out safety assessment. This paper focuses on the development and representation of linguistic variables to model risk levels subjectively.

In this book, the authors have attempted to provide: 1. A large number of dimensioned illustrations which may serve as good drawing examples for students, examples ranging in difficulty from the simplest machine detail to a set of triple-expansion marine engines 2. Illustrations and descriptions of a great variety of machine details, which may assist the designer in selecting the form of detail best suited to his purpose 3. Many rules and tables of proportions, based on scientific principles or on numerous examples from actual practice, which may be useful to the experienced designer for the sake of comparison with the results of his own practice, and which may, to some extent at least, take the place of the well-filled notebook and collection of designs usually possessed by the experienced designer, but which the young engineer or draughtsman can scarcely be expected to have 4. Numerous examples showing the application of the principles of mechanics to the calculation of the proportions of parts of machines.

Though the fatigue design of ship structures is carried out according to the Classification Society Rules in which the linear cumulative damage law is applied fatigue crack damage still occurs at the welded joints. These cracks sometimes start at a very early stage in ship's service life and some of them appear as remarkably long and shallow surface cracks. In general multiple initial cracks other than single initial crack emanate randomly from the weld toes at welded joints of ship structural members subjected to variable amplitude fatigue loads and these initial cracks propagate to shallow semi-elliptical surface cracks joining with each other. A new approach to the fatigue strength evaluation of ship structures is proposed. A numerical simulation is carried out to assess the influence of the conditions of initial cracks on the fatigue strength of a ship structural member based on the proposed method. The validity of the proposed fatigue strength evaluation method is shown by comparing it with experimental results and some conclusions are drawn.

This work is intended for use by engineers who want to obtain Certificates of Competency as Second-Class or First-Class engineers. It is for either self-instruction or use in schools. It contains rules for working out problems that are presented to candidates, with model solutions of and numerous exercises to each problem. A number of examination papers are also given. The book covers mathematics relating to a variety of subjects, for example coal consumption, finding the contents of a coal bunker, effective pressure on pistons, the number of revolutions to drive a paddle wheel at a certain speed, finding the horse power of an engine, costing repairs to an engine, finding the weight to be placed on a safety valve and to calculate the heating surface in tubes and tube plates.

An improved automatic target recognition processing string has been developed. The overall processing strong consists of pre-processing sub-image adaptive clutter filtering normalisation detection data regularisation feature extraction optimal subset feature selection feature orthogonalisation and classification processing blocks. The classified objects of 3 distinct strings are fused using the classification confidence values and their expansions as features and using 'summing' or LLRT (log-likelihood-ratio-test)- based fusion rules. The utility of the overall processing strings and their fusion was demonstrated with new high-resolution three-frequency band sonar imagery. The ATR processing strings were individually tuned to the corresponding three-frequency band data. Two significant fusion algorithm improvements were made. First a non-linear 2nd order (Volterra) feature LLRT fusion algorithm was developed. Second a repeated application of a subset Volterra feature selection - feature orthogonalisation - LLRT fusion block was used. It was shown that cascaded Volterra feature LLRT fusion of the ATR processing strings outperforms baseline 'summing' and sting-stage Volterra feature LLRT algorithms yielding significant improvements over the best single ATR processing string results and providing the capability to correctly call the majority of targets while maintaining a very low false alarm rate.

The two volumes provide aspects of both ship theory and practice, from ship design to the integrated design process. The first volume (chapters 1 to 9) covers hydrostatics and strength and introduces the tools used by the naval architect, mathematical techniques, instruments and the computer. It also reviews the special hazards to which a ship is subject and the means of dealing with them. Other topics include structural design, safety factors, criteria of failure and the final chapter deals with the environment in which the ship must operate and the internal environment within which the crew must function.