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These are the Appendices of the Report on Tests Concerning Fires in Ships' Corridors The report describes and considers the fairly searching investigations caused to be undertaken by the Directorate of the Government Ships Inspection Service and the State Testing Laboratory – in particular by the Committee appointed by the Directorate – assisted by the Association of Shipyards, the Shipowners’ Association and the Fire Protection Committee for the purpose of examining the influence that exposed surfaces may have on the development of fire in ships. Contents include: Summary of development since 1952; Report on Full Scale Tests; Report on Laboratory Tests; Analysis of full scale test results; Analysis of Laboratory Tests Results and comparison with Full Scale test results; Final Remarks. Accompanying the Appendices, there are the Report itself and Summary of the Report.

In the last 10 years the application of gas-lubricated compliant bearings has begun in power installations. The use of these bearings allows oil to be removed design bearing units to be simplified friction loss to be reduced and reliability to be increased. The application of turbo-compressors on gas-lubricated compliant bearings on vessels is restrained because of the restricted resource of bearings which directly depend on dynamic loads on the bearings caused by the imbalance of a rotor the vibration of a propeller and also onboard and pitching of a vessel. In order to develop operational ship turbo compressors it is necessary to develop design procedures of amplitude of forced oscillations of a rotor caused by a spectrum of excitation sources of vibration. The methods of research are described.

This study aims to investigate the applicability of new materials to marine structures focusing on their durability. To this end a 5-year exposure test has been conducted from 1999 on 3 types of specimens (for corrosion observation tension testing and joint strength testing) made of 21 selected materials (6 nonferrous metals 8 steels 4 composite materials and 3 rope materials). The specimens are exposed at 3 sites: Okinotori-shima and Miyako-jima corrosive environments with high temperature and humidity and a thermo-hygrostatic room in a laboratory. This paper reports on the results of appearance observation of specimens at Okinotori-shima and Miyako-jima carried out mostly in 2001 as well as the findings from observation and experiments on specimens exposed for 2 years at Miyako-jima.

After the 1930s a great many bridges with a span of 500 meters or more were constructed throughout the world. In the 1970s large oversea bridges began to be built in Japan and this brought about diverse changes in the environment of the marine space. Around this time a problem arose with the lighting of the oversea bridge in the Seto Inland Sea in the waters near the bridge. This caused problems with the safety of the navigation of vessels. A research project is presented which was undertaken to investigate the impact on the safety of vessels operating in the waters near the Honshu Shikoku Bridge at night and the level of its impact on fishing activities in these waters. This research was based on an evaluation by those using the waters and verified the validity of measures concerning the impact of light from the Honshu Shikoku Bridge. The survey found that the impact of the lighting of the Honshu Shikoku Bridge on nighttime fishing activities is small. However it is believed that the visibility of the light of other vessels and maritime signs during vessel operations is impaired.

A-type engines have been built for over 17 years as both in-line and V-versions. They have been fitted in numerous marine and stationary installations and their design and output were adapted to the changing requirements including operations on heavy fuel oil. The paper gives the service summary for this universal type of engine operating on heavy fuel oil details related design aspects. The lubricating oil system main and bottom-end bearing life cylinder liner wear piston wear cylinder head and valves operation and fuel injection system are discussed. Low-load operation and shut-downs on heavy fuel are outlined. Some reference is also made to engines operating on marine diesel oil.

The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake caused severe damage to many structures in the bay area. The damage to shore structures was due to liquefaction. Here the focus is on the sheet pile quay wall which is a typical type of shore structure. The seismic behaviour of the structures when liquefaction occurs is considered by applying the dynamic response analysis and a simplified prediction method. Firstly based on the case study by the dynamic response analysis the influence of the input earthquake motion on the residual deformation of sheet pile quay wall is discussed. As a result it is confirmed that the residual horizontal displacement of top of sheet pile depends on the maximum horizontal acceleration and the degree of stiffness of back fill. Secondly the applicability limit of the simplified prediction method was discussed by comparing it with the dynamic response analysis. The simplified analysis is applicable as a prediction method for seismic behaviour of sheet pile quay wall by considering the influence of the semi-liquefaction.

The purpose of magnetic measurement is to understand the Earth's interior material distribution and to provide the basic data and maps for underwater navigation and for magnetic object detection. The change of local geomagnetics can be expressed by the LGFM (local geomagnetic field model). In constructing the LGFM more attention is paid to the quality of geomagnetic data and the methods of building the LGFM. According to the characteristics of the magnetic modelling methods the methods of building LGFM can be divided into three categories: surface fitting or approximation; surface interpolation; and the method based on geomagnetic potential theory. The first two of these methods are geometric methods while the third has a physical meaning. The experiments and theoretic analysis show that surface fitting is the most simple of the three methods. This is very important in underwater magnetic navigation as the geomagnetic background can be filled in using this method and the location of the underwater carrier can be determined using the ICCP (iterative closest contour point) algorithm.

Oil spill can have a serious impact on coastal activities and on those who exploit the resources of the sea. Simply the effects of oil on marine life are caused either by the physiological nature of the oil or by its chemical components. The most toxic components in oil tend to be those lost rapidly through evaporation when oil is spilt. Because of this lethal concentrations of toxic components lead to large-scale mortalities of marine life. Dispersants are oil spill response chemicals that are used to disperse floating oil in the water column. In this study the new oil dispersant Par 1 was examined on 28-32 g rainbow trout. 96 hours acute toxicity of oil dispersant by itself and oil and dispersant combinations were tested in various concentrations. The effectiveness of Pars 1 was compared with Gamlen OD4000. By calculating the RET value and bioassay studies the high effect and efficiency of Pars 1 has been proved. Materials and methods are presented. Results are given and discussed and conclusions drawn.

This work deals with a numerical and experimental investigation on the effect of the reeling installation process on the collapse pressure of API X steel pipes. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model is first developed to simulate the bending and straightening process as it occurs during installation. The model is then used to determine the collapse pressures of both intact and plastically strained pipes. In addition experimental tests on full-scale models are carried out in order to calibrate the numerical model. Pipe specimens are bent on a rigid circular die and then straightened with the aid of a custom-made test facility. Subsequently the specimens are tested quasi-statically under external pressure until collapse in a pressure vessel. Unreeled specimens are also tested to complete the database for calibrating the numerical model. The numerical model is finally used to generate collapse envelopes of reeled and unreeled pipes with different geometry and material.

In the past few years new engines have been added to the MC series. For large container ships the K98MC and K98MC-C engines have been developed and on testbed the 12-cylinder version has delivered more than 100000 bhp on one shaft. Solutions to power requirements in excess of 125000 bhp are presented. Design improvements introduced on the S80MC-C and S90MC-C engines developed for VLCC ships are also presented. The new design is discussed (with emphasis on large bore engines) and focuses on the frame box bedplate and main bearing assembly. Extended use of advanced calculations verified on testbed secures the reliability of the new design. On all large bore engines a new combustion chamber has been introduced which involves a complete redesign of piston crown

This paper complements a 'live' demonstration of the on-line version of the HCR (Offshore Hydrocarbon Releases) system which can prove useful in analysing offshore hydrocarbon releases. The latest web-based version gives offshore duty-holders access to the HCR system to allow submission of incident reports direct into the HSE databases. It also contains facilities to generate tailored reports on-line. The reports include the generation of generic leak frequencies for installations systems and types of equipment together with various graphs and tables previously only available on an annual basis. The raw incident data for any year from 1992 can be viewed on-line and is also downloadable to enable users to carry out their own detailed analyses.

Fourth Int Conf held in Warwick on 5 - 8 April 1982 Papers are Trends in system design techniques Truly distributed control using one microprocessor per real time task On line digital control systems for high voltage subtations Viewdata as a control tool The application of redundancy in controllers for high capital cost or high integrity plant System - cost/redundancy trade offs in on line control Functional and geographical distributed control of industrial processes Improved fault tolerance in microprocessor based control systems result from the use of a bus collator A fault tolerant communications ring for on line distrubuted control systems Development and application of adaptive control methods in continuous casting plants An intergated approach to the management and development of computer based systems Specification and evaluation of programmable process control systems Monoliths out - distributed micros in Review of experience gained in the implementation and operation of a data acquisition and control scheme monitoring the River Thames catchment area The computer and control yesterday today and tomorrow A communication technique for distributed control systems The rising IQ of telecontrol RTUs Development in software technology Structured programming in assembly language gives efficient object code Integrated language approach to simulation and control The application of process orientated software to a blast furnace

Results are offered of an accident investigation conducted on occupational injuries occurring to fishermen employed on small fishing vessels (about 20m in length) in South Italy. Also an investigation on quality of working conditions and on lifestyle has been carried out by means of questionnaires handed to fishermen. After an introductory look at the fishermen the fishing industry and risks/dangers The Italian fleet is briefly addressed. Next working conditions health and lifestyle are looked at followed by accident investigation. Vessel seaworthiness and working conditions are considered. Lastly attention is given to tools for the improvement of safety and health in the fishing industry - ergonomic aspects.

A ship hull's structure is composed of plating stiffened by girders and stiffeners. The hull is subject to loading generated by hull weight cargo equipment etc. and buoyancy force. The loading causes vertical and horizontal bending moments vertical and horizontal shear forces and torsional moment. In estimating hull strength it is essential to take into account the vertical bending moment which generates the largest stresses in the ship structures especially in the middle part of the ship hull. The ultimate strength of the hull girder of a typical bulk carrier is analysed using a simplified method based on an incremental - iterative approach. First the vertical bending moment is examined by seven different methods. The moment versus curvature curves and the values of the ultimate longitudinal moments at collapse states are determined for both hogging and sagging cases. Secondly the ultimate strength under coupled vertical and horizontal bending moment is described. An interaction curve is obtained corresponding to the results of series of calculation for the ship hull subject to bending conditions with different angles of curvature. It is found that the interaction curve is asymmetrical because the hull cross-section is not symmetrical with respect to horizontal axis and the structural response of the elements under compression is different from that under tension due to non-linearity caused by buckling. The angles of the resultant bending moment vector and that of the curvature vX27082

In the past the reduction of the pitching motion of ships by means of the anti-pitching fins at the bow has been analysed. What seems to be lacking however is the analysis of the anti-pitching fins at the stern. This paper evaluates the effect of the anti-pitching fins at the stern from the viewpoint of passengers' comfort. The impulsive force on the stern fin is smaller than that on the bow fin in slamming conditions. Model experiments are conducted to evaluate the effect of our anti-pitching fins on ship motions. The anti- pitching fin at the stern reduced vertical acceleration by 0.05 g in head seas with a significant wave height of 2.0 m. The new method for evaluating passengers' comfort consists of exposure duration and amplitude and frequency of acceleration. These are based on questionnaires given to passengers and measured ship motions of the training ship Kagoshima-maru. The correlation coefficient between the method and the questionnaires is 0.71. The method is shown to be reliable for evaluation of passengers' comfort.

Accumulation of deposits in the honing grooves on a cylinder liner is problematic because it eventually leads to high oil consumption and some form of remedial action will be required. In most cases the cylinder liners are taken ashore and re-honed to ensure that the deposit is completely removed and oil consumption is returned to normal levels. These deposits are commonly referred to as cylinder liner lacquer since the groove filling is often associated with a glossy amber appearance of the liner although groove filling and high oil consumption can also occur on liners that appear to be completely clean. Here the focus is on the groove filling regardless of the appearance of the cylinder liner. Findings are presented from an independent study on cylinder liner deposits from the North Sea and Norwegian Sea region. The ships where the deposits were found were all operating extensively at low load. Based on the observations in this study it is proposed that groove filling is an accumulation of material that occurs naturally on the cylinder wall in small amounts. As such it is not only controlled by the rate and mechanisms by which this material is formed but also on the rate and mechanisms by which it can be removed from the cylinder liner.

The purpose of this survey is to examine the securing of ISO series containers in a variety of circumstance and from a number of aspects. The circumstances include the securing of containers on the upper deck and hatch covers of cellular container ships and on the upper deck and in the holds of general cargo vessels, on the flatbeds of rail cars and road vehicles, and on barges. The aim is to investigate the various types of lashing systems available and their use. A particular aspect of the report is the minimisation of the cost, quantity and range of lashings required. The survey considers initial and maintenance requirements and costs for this equipment, its reliability, safety, strength and suitability for the purposes required. A further aim is to analyse the aspects of ease and speed of operation, and linked to these aspects are the quantity and skill of labour required and the influence on training needs of variations in the type of equipment employed. Differing approaches to determining motions and forces on containers at sea and on land are also considered. The most important aim of the survey is to examine the possibility of standardising lashing techniques and equipment.

This paper summarizes the principles of the poly-phase d.c. commutatorless motor and gives a brief report on the design operating control characteristics of a 7-phase d.c. commutatorless protocol motor without reliance on the armature reaction compensation.

Aspects of corrosion on decks and superstructures discussed including; corrosion prevention through choice of materials fabrication technique and structural details; specific examples of corrosion hazards on deck especially resulting from water entrapment inaccessibility and uneven coatings; and economic considerations of design construction and maintenance.

Discussion is presented of the production of nitrogen on-site using generators high purity nitrogen plants (HPN) pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology and membrane technology. HPN and PSA technologies are able to meet high levels of nitrogen purities and can be easily installed on site at onshore facilities whereas membrane systems are installed on oil rigs offshore as well as on tankers.