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The latest projects handled by Germanischer Lloyd (GL) following the requirements of the German Naval Standard are described and advanced engineering methods for platform design are highlighted. Firstly some background information is provided. Next a look is taken at seakeeping and waveloads followed by strength analyses. After this special problems are outlined. Quality assurance is considered. Lastly refurbishments are touched upon.

An integrated protection and control system (IPCS) for a warship's electric plant which provides a high level of protection and control and a high level of survivability for the ship. The IPCS will consist of sensors and actuators distributed throughout an electrical network and connected to a central processing unit (CPU) through modems and a real-time communications link. The functions of the IPCS including power load and distribution system management fault detection and isolation and equipment health monitoring are discussed. The application of an IPCS to an integrated electric drive are outlined.

This paper examines the relevance of Offshore Process Safety Management with respect to the recommendations of the Cullen Report and the experience of other industries with a process safety element. Traditional classroom and simulation training can leave gaps in the training of offshore operators. By the accurate application of training method a system readily adaptable to changes in control equipment target population of trainees and different installations can be developed. Paper gives details of classroom training video technology and computer simulation as examples of Technology Based Training and Computer Based Training (TBT and CBT).

A prototype expert system for collision avoidance has been developed incorporating the International Rules for Preventing Collisions at Sea. This system simulated an encounter between two vessels whose control - response characteristics were read into the system. Some details of the system and its performance are provided in this paper. The main objective of the system is to provide an expert advisor for mariners capable of acting on sensory input from all available channels including information provided by an operator via a keyboard and advising on the preferred course of action.

MARINTEK developed theoretical models used for dynamic analysis during subsea structure installation are examined. The models use position dependent hydrodynamic coefficients to describe the forces in the splash zone and during penetration into the seabed. Geotechnical background for the penetration model is given as are model tests used to evaluate the effect of mud mat design on hydrodynamic properties. Two analyses for finding the limiting seastate for installation of the Snorre TLP suction anchors are presented.

Large welded structures fabricated from high tensile materials have similar problems with fatigue. Analytical assessments for material fatigue fracture in welded structures including material fracture assessments practical methods for structural life assessments operational stresses and technological life assessments are given. Analytical assessments for crack resistance use task formulations stress intensity and crack propagation. Service life assessments can then be calculated. Integrated assessments are also discussed. Differences between Russian and western methods are highlighted.

The development of mooring systems for FPSO includes CALM (catenary anchor leg mooring) SBS (single buoy storage) SALS (single anchor leg storage) and hybrid systems FPSO on the Castellon Nilde Cadlao and Tazerka fields are described Operating experience with Cadlao is included

Use of in-water maintenance and survey with surface warships discussed. Ministry of Defence docking policy; outer bottom criteria compositions and bottom fittings; underwater cleaning and propeller removal; particular problems of naval vessels; limitations and applications of in-water methods are considered.

Brief lecture notes on the applications of composite materials in the construction of various marine craft at Vosper Thornycroft including Mine Countermeasures Vessels (MCMV) frigate structures small craft and ACVs offshore platforms and uses on steel ships.

The application of Integrated Full Electric Propulsion in the Royal Navy's vessels is described. Detailed and specific propulsion and hotel load power requirements will be derived to meet the demand of the vessel. Three vessels: an ASW Escort an aircraft carrier (26 Hangared Aircraft) and a cruise liner are used to illustrate various design drivers. A number of alternatives to the classic electric ship aircraft carrier propulsion system of all gas turbine alternators are discussed. These are: a slow speed diesel propulsion concept - Combined Direct Diesel and Diesel Electric (CDDADL); a medium speed diesel concept - Combined Diesel and Diesel Electric (CDADL); and a complex gas turbine propulsion fit - Combined Gas Electric and Gas (COGLAG). Life cycle costs (LCC) including unit production costs (UPC) and through life costs (TLC) are also discussed.

A discussion of the MOD (Navy) response to environmental pollution which concerns some control measures already implemented including - the investigation of methods of recovering/recycling CFCs and Halons the redesign of plant for product substitution new developments in biological sewage treatment plants and the retention of plastics onboard.

This paper presents a generalised computer programme used to accurately record large volumes of experimental data. Operation problems and practical application of the programme is described.

Automation of marine refrigeration plant particularly control of compressor/evaporator in direct expansion plant and compressor/brine cooler/air cooler in brine plant The systems typical uses maintenance and costs are comparatively discussed

Copies of slides from a talk on existing and developing auxiliary equipment suitable for electrification are presented.

Reductions in heat strain and the enhancement of endurance of those undertaking damage control operations can be achieved in two ways. The first method is to reduce the level of clothing worn so that more sweat can evaporate; the second is to extract heat using external cooling. Experiments to assess how much thermal protection is required during flame exposures to ensure the sailor is not overburdened with too much clothing are presented. Other experiments to assess a variety of cooling techniques are also described. Ice-vests and hand immersion cooling techniques are compared.

The fluid composition of osmotic blisters in polyester glass hulls analysed (GLC ion analysis EDAX flame photometry) for samples from in service vessels and from variously coated and immersed experimental panels The presence of organic materials and metal ions is discussed and blistering process considered

The problems of watchkeeping with respect to ship workloads practices and existing legislation is considered in detail. This paper discusses the use of automated systems either as an inbuilt design feature or as a result of retrofitting as a safety aspect.

The future of British shipping and demand for and training of merchant seamen discussed with reference to world trade patterns size of fleet types of ship research development educational facilities and costs

A mathematical model and procedure for calculating shafting eccentricity distribution in stern tube bearings was developed as a result of stern tube bearing failure on the new built RORO SS Maine