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The navigation simulator and the engine room simulator developed by Shanghai Maritime University are introduced. Their features and functions are looked at along with how to conduct the simulator training. Also the regulations of the simulator training in the STCW 78/95 convention and the examination/assessment for certification of competency worked out by the Chinese government are dealt with.

The challenges facing the maritime industry concerning ship safety and the marine environment and how these challenges are being dealt with internationally and in Australia are considered. The regulatory framework flag state implementation port state control bulk carrier safety the International Ship Management (ISM) Code the new STCW Convention Formal Safety Assessment and other developments are each examined in turn.

The organisational structure of the IMO its committees and sub committees detailed Development (by M.SC) implementation (by government or flag state) and monitoring of standards and conventions described Present status of IMO conventions relevant to safety at sea included Aspects of STCW discussed are provisions and principles; list of contracting states and tables of certificate structure; convention grades and classes of certificate for Master and Deck Department and Engine Room Future IMO projects will include radio communications manning levels and navigation aids

An attempt is being made to improve safety by developing quality via the ISM Code and the revised STCW convention. These developments particularly reliability aspects are reviewed. Firstly manning levels are considered. Next reliability centred maintenance and risk are each looked at in turn. After this failure modes and effects analysis are discussed. Lastly MASSOP (Management Structures of Shipowners and Operators) a research project partially funded by the European Union is introduced.

The use of simulators in maritime training and assessment is discussed. The STCW'95 Convention gives requirements for simulators in simulator-based training. The types of situations where simulators are used include radar observation and plotting courses ARPA courses radar simulation bridge resource management cooperation between ferries proceeding on fixed routes VTS operator course and practical exercises in manoeuvring and emergency procedures for masters and chief officers.

In response to the proposed revision of the 1978 Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) the Nautical Institute conducted a questionnaire survey of its members in which they were invited to express their opinions on maritime training schemes examinations certification regulations and working practices. Their responses are analysed and the findings discussed for topics including: manning structures the definition of standards sea training and experience the assessment of competence standards for colleges qualifications for instructors and examiners maintenance of standards management training and manning agencies.

The piecemeal development of international national regional port specific and company specific systems and requirements to define and assess seafarer competency in order to reduce substandard ship operation and consequently the role of human factors in maritime accidents and incidents is outlined prior to discussion of: perceptions of competence; the correlation of standards of competence with shipboard functions; components of competence (knowledge understanding skill motivation attitude); methods of assessing competence (written exam oral exam course work PC-based simulation multiple choice tests

The BIMCO/ISF manpower study is an international evaluation of manpower numbers compiled by sending out questionnaires to companies and national organisations to assess supply and demand. The 1990 study showed that most companies were experiencing recruitment problems with a world-wide shortage of officers in particular. The 1995 survey showed officer trainees had doubled in number. The importance of the 2000 survey is highlighted particularly as it will show the impact of the STCW convention.

The linguistic features of maritime English are discussed and a survey of currently available textbooks and other teaching materials is presented with a view to provide some elements for the construction of a common core maritime English syllabus. Requirements of STCW (International Convention on Standards of Training Certification and Watchkeeping) are described. Research on lexical and language studies is proposed and the needs analysis for seafarers' knowledge and competence in marine engineering are considered.

An improved training system developed through a research project on Training Recruitment Selection funded by the Research Council of Norway's Information Technology in Ship Operation programme is described. The functional approach of the revised STCW Convention was the starting point for developing company specific standards of competence. Cyclic retraining where retraining activities are scheduled so that all main functions are covered within a 3-4 year cycle will only work in a shipping company with a stable pool of staff. Two computer based training system installations took place on two Suez max tankers MT Knock Allen and MT Knock Stocks and the systems were evaluated during a 12 month test period.

Conf held 22-23 March 1994 in London UK. Papers are - Pinpointing the critical factors compromising ship safety in a weak market - what can be done Getting to grips with the practicalities and realities of how human factors can enhance and impair ship safety Gaining a better understanding of human behaviour in order to improve emergency procedures Examining the revision of the STCW Convention - working towards more effective manning and training certification Exposing the quality and safety of today's ships to highlight areas for improvement - a classification society's view Clarifying the IACS's contribution to marine safety Overcoming the problems and pitfalls encountered when implementing a quality management system Ship operator and port operator - working together to optimise safety in port

Third edition. This book provides a comprehensive and concise overview of ship registration, its fundamental principles, the factors governing shipowners’ choices of flag and the impact of registration formalities on ship sale and purchase transaction. In this updated edition, the recent European Commission “Community Guidelines on State Aid to Maritime Transport”, designed to discourage “flagging out” from European registers, are evaluated. The implications of the ISM Code and the 1995 amendments to the STCW Convention for shipowners and flag states are analysed and the implications of the 1995 Merchant Shipping Act on UK registration are also examined. The impact of the increasing use of flags of convenience, and the concept of dual registration are carefully analysed. The book offers a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter with detailed look at the registration procedures of ten major flags.

The Merchant Marine Institute of Constantza which specialises in the training of marine officers in Romania includes the Navigation & Marine Transport Faculty the Electromechanical Faculty and the River Transport College. In addition to covering all the requirements imposed by the IMO-STCW Convention for all three areas of specialization the teaching programs provide students with an engineering diploma and a maritime or river officer certificate after the graduation examinations. The faculties for marine simulation and simulation training programs for students are considered. Implementation of the marine training simulation centre and the Rhine-Danube-Black Sea inland water route are discussed.

Gas ship safety training today and in the future is discussed. In recent years gas ship crew have been drawn increasingly from the developing nations so it is necessary for gas safety training courses to adapt to suit the educational background national culture and language of the students. IMO set the pattern for gas ship safety training with its gas course syllabus in Resolution 12 of its Training and Watchkeeping Convention (STCW 78). Current gas safety training is reviewed. Ways in which prospective gas ship officers could gain the maximum benefit from a gas safety course are considered with four key areas identified - relevance/quality of course content standard of course material assessment of the understanding achieved and continued professional development.

Canadian experience in developing a suitable approach to the national implementation of a Propulsion Plant Simulator proficiency assessment programme in accordance with the requirements of the STCW-95 Convention is presented in the form of guidelines which detail: evaluation of simulator methods analysis of human resources for shipping companies academic institutions and assessing authority; development of training and assessment objectives and criteria and methods appropriate to simulators their integration into the proficiency examination; and the provision of an assessors' guide comprising instructions notes criteria reference documents and procedures. The first findings of applying these strategies in Canada are considered.

Nowadays great changes are taking place in computing information technology and simulation. Maritime education and training should benefit from these tendencies. This is why ERS (engine room simulators) and CBT programs are being used more and more in maritime academies as a valuable asset in the educational process. The application of ERS is also recommended by STCW 87-95 Convention. The present development of personal computers modern processors and graphical cards allows for an easy application of 3D interactive programs. The software for creating 3D applications is also affordable. So ERS and CBT programs are beginning to be included in 3D visualisation techniques. An example of the application of new 3D simulation techniques in ERS is described. A simulator is presented which is related to the electric power plant installation where trainees have the possibility to familiarise themselves with the system and to develop operational skills. Here various multimedia simulation techniques are applied including tri-dimensional presentation sound application diagrams pictures etc. In this application of new simulation techniques the relation between simulation and realism of machinery operation is emphasized in particular. The experiences in application the benefits and advantages of the use of simulators and CBT interactive programs in the educational process of engine room officers are also presented. The application of 3D simulation techniques in teaching the operation of complex91991

In the last ten years the world Merchant Fleet has become highly sophisticated and technically improved economical safe and reliable human errors. However accidents still happen. To minimise human and material losses in navigation simulators (engine and navigation) are being increasingly applied both for training the students and also for training the seamen. By simulator training the knowledge experience and safety during work have been obtained since this method enables simulation of certain failures and conditions without human or material losses. PPT - 200 (propulsion plant trainers) is a dynamic real-time computer simulator where specific conditions of engine rooms with propulsion engines (MAN B&W SULZER) various diesel electrical and steam systems may be simulated. Training on this simulator is in full compliance with the STCW Convention. Interaction between the PPT-200 (propulsion plant trainers) computer simulator and pc-based models is discussed. The problem of load regulation and of regulation of shaft generator within the ship 's electric power system is analysed and discussed. The final goal is an optimisation of expenses.

The role of engineers in the operation and support of all-electric ships is examined. The activities that need to be carried out and the education and training that is required to execute them competently are considered. The certification of commercial marine engineers and how the growing role of electrical officers is so far not covered by the STCW (convention on standards of training certification and watchkeeping) for seafarers is discussed. It is shown how example commercial and naval organisations are adapting for AES technology and the electrical engineering subjects for academic and practical training. The lack of suitable reference texts is discussed and the use of synthetic training aids is explored. The possible competencies both for seagoing and shore-based support engineers based on a generic AES power and propulsion architecture are listed. A view on CPD (continual professional development) to maintain skills and experience is offered.

A brief account traces the historical background to the formation of the International Federation of Shipmasters Associations (IFSMA) and outlines its aims objectives organisational structure membership requirements and status at IMO. Discussion subsequently centres on topics of current concern which have particular relevance to the control of emergencies by limiting human error and the management of mixed nationality crews they include: the concept of chief engineer as master (with reference to the 1994 Winterbottom Lecture given by Lord Sterling); education and training demands of future manpower (with reference to a 1994 paper by S Sorlie); the importance of training and competence in seamanship (with reference to the British and Liberian reports on the Braer disaster); the requirements of safe manning and watchkeeping (with details of IMO Resolution A481 the UK Merchant Shipping Notice No 1501 and SOLAS 1974); the effects of physical and mental fatigue on crew performance and ship safety fitness for duty and requirements of the STCW Code; provision for medical care and the medical training of seafarers as required by ILO Convention 164 and the IMO Medical Training Certificates; proposed requirements for the qualification and training of surveyors (including PSC Officers RO personnel ISM personnel); the basic specific and realistic safety training of ships' personnel; the significance of human error in marine casualty contributing factors and their control; and the need for co-operative relationships between ship dX33188